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The education sector was the first to suffer from the coronavirus pandemic when President Kenyatta ordered all learning institutions to close after the first case of the disease was confirmed in the country. Weeks later, schools that had adequate infrastructure resulted in teaching their learners online using different web conferencing facilities.
With the first term closed prematurely and now into the second term with schools still closed, administrators are uncertain about which direction to take. With disrupted academic calendars, lack of revenue, and staff to pay, administrators are devising mechanisms to ensure all systems run amidst the pandemic.
Last Friday, the University of Nairobi, Vice-Chancellor, Prof. Kiama, through an address to the students and staff, said the University Senate had approved for the examinations that were due in April to be administered online.
Notably, the University has been teaching students using Google platforms and late in April, through a partnership with Telkom Kenya, the University provided students and staff with Telkom lines to facilitate the online learning and teaching.
The announcement has caused a lot of unease among the students, with a lot of uncertainty surrounding how the examination will be administered. Concerns have also been raised on the quality of such examinations and degrees that will be awarded after a question that the University is yet to answer. At the time of this publication, the University had not issued any guidelines on how the examinations will be conducted, including the quality tests that it certifies.
Should the University of Nairobi succeed in this endeavor, it will be a game-changer on examinations administration in the country and the first of its own kind.

The Education Ministry has appointed a nine-member committee to take charge of the process of exploring the best possible strategies of restoring normalcy in the education sector.
This comes in awake of the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic that has hurt the basic education sector most and was threatening to wipe out the gains made to stabilize the academic calendar.
The Education Cabinet Secretary, Prof. George Magoha who launched the team on Tuesday at Kenya Institute for Curriculum Development (KICD) said the committee, who work starts immediate effect, would be chaired by KICD Chairperson, Dr. Sara Ruto.
The committee Terms of Reference would be to advise the CS on the reopening of the basic education institutions; pre-primary, primary and secondary schools, Teacher Training Colleges and Adult Education Institutions.
The committee should also review and reorganise the school calendar as part of the Covid-19 post-recovery strategy and advise the CS on ways of handling boarding students/pupils when the schools re-open.
Documentation of all Covid-19 related matters, lessons learnt and recommendations for future preparedness would also be looked at.
The CS said the committee would also look into the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the demand for education by poor households and suggest mitigation measures.
The committee, whose Secretariat will be located at the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development, will further advise the CS on the Health and Safety measures to be put in place for the pupils/students, teachers and entire school community.
The committee is to also identify institutions that may have been adversely affected by Covid-19 and advice on mitigation and recovery measures as well as submit regular reports to the Cabinet Secretary on the implementation progress of Covid-19 related programmes.
The CS noted that although schools were expected to resume learning when the Second Term was scheduled to start on May 4th, 2020, the Government extended the reopening date for one month to given more room for the scaling up of the national efforts to fight the spread of Covid-19.
In the meantime, Prof. Magoha said the Ministry has come up with measures to mitigate the effects of Covid-19 in the education sector, including mounting of online learning and the drafting of a master-plan to guide the response to Covid-19 in the sector.
The Members of the committee are Indimuli Kahi Chairman, Kenya Secondary Schools Heads Association, Nicholas Gathemia Chairman, Kenya Primary Schools Heads Association Peter Ndoro CEO, Kenya Private Schools Association, Nicholas Maiyo Chairman, Kenya Parents Association and Augustine Muthigani from Kenya Conference of Catholic Bishops.
Others are Jane Mwangi, Kenya Association for Independent International Schools. Dr. Nelson Makanda of National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK), Sheikh Munawar Khan from Muslim Education Council and Peter Sitienei Chairman, Kenya Special Schools Heads Association.
Ruth Mugambi from KICD, Patrick Ochich of KNEC, Gabriel Mathenge (TSC), Paul Kibet Director, Secondary Education MoE, Ms. Anne Gachoya Directorate of Policy, Partnerships and EAC and Dr. Loice Ombajo Ministry of Health/University of Nairobi have been named as ex-Officio members.
Upon the outbreak of the Covid-19 in Kenya, President Uhuru Kenyatta ordered the closure of all schools and other learning institutions on March 15th as part of the measures to control the spread of the virus.

Kenya Nation Union of Teachers KNUT has now criticized the move by education cabinet secretary George Magoha to exclude teachers union in the education task force that was recently formed to ensure the school calendar is not affected following the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In interview with Ghetto Radio News KNUT deputy secretary general Hesbon Otieno said the union was in the forefront in pushing for the formation of the same task force and by excluding them yet they represent thousands of teachers is uncalled for.
‘‘We are very unhappy with this move to exclude KNUT and even KUPPET ..we were the people agitating for the formation of this task force and we should be there because we represent teachers .’’ He said.
They are now asking Magoha to include teachers unions in the task force before it officially begins performing its duties.
The task force is chaired by Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development Chairperson Sarah Ruto with other members of the team; Chairman of Kenya Secondary Schools Heads Association Indimuli Kahi, Chairman, Kenya Primary Schools Heads Association Nicholas Gathemia, CEO, Kenya Private Schools Association Peter Ndoro and Chairman, Kenya Parents Association Nicholas Maiyo,Kenya Conference of Catholic Bishops Augustine Muthigani, Kenya Association for Independent International Schools Jane Mwangi, National Council of Churches of Kenya’s Nelson Makanda, Muslim Education Council’s Sheikh Munawar Khan and Chairman, Kenya Special Schools Heads Association Peter Sitienei.

The Machakos Kenya Union of Post Primary Education (KUPPET) Executive Secretary, Musembi Katuku has called upon the government go slow when rethinking of re-opening education institutions.
Speaking to the press in Machakos on Tuesday, Katuku said it was too early to mull the possibility of opening schools at a time when the number of Covid-19 cases are on the rise in the country.
The unionist warned that any talk of students going back to school soon is not tenable at this time and the best the government can do is ensure the deadly virus which has claimed 36 Kenyans is contained first.
“Let us first embrace the pandemic and also learn to stay with it just like Malaria. Once we are there, let us then start thinking about education and the opening of our schools after the disease has been brought under control,” said Musembi who is also a member of the Machakos County Education Board.
Drawing examples from Spain, Italy and France that have borne the brunt of the pandemic after losing hundreds of their citizens to Covid-19, the unionist said the most ideal thing for Kenya to do for now, is ease restriction on other sectors like the hospitality industry to help keep the economy afloat, before thinking of allowing pupils and teachers to go back to class.
He said as a union, they are opposed to any idea of asking teachers to go back to school soon owing to the risk of being infected with the disease.
“We are not ready to allow teachers to go back to school when this thing (disease) is on. The teachers can also get it from students who are travelling from counties which have confirmed cases such as Mombasa, Wajir, Mandera and Nairobi. This is not the time to give ultimatums but to work together to end the pandemic,” he added.
He says the Ministry of Education should however first consider allowing class eight and form four students back to class owing to the fact that they are set to sit for their national exams towards the end of the year, adding that the current online learning platform may never achieve much due to logistical challenges.
The Education Cabinet Secretary(CS), Prof. George Magoha recently issued a strong indication to the effect that schools may remain closed for much longer than expected saying the safety of pupils was of paramount importance.
Initially the government had floated the idea of reopening schools by June 4, but this was dispelled after Magoha said any decisions to do so would depend on the prevailing situation at the time.
The government closed schools among other sectors on March 15 this year after three Covid-19 cases were recorded in the country.
To date, Kenya has recorded a total of 715 infections, 259 recoveries and 36 deaths arising from the pandemic.
Globally, the disease has already claimed 286,353 people with 1.4 million recoveries as at May 12.
More than 4 million others have been infected with the coronavirus even as countries work round the clock to find a vaccine for the disease.

KCSE Past Papers Mathematics 2018 Paper 2
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
2018 Mathematics Paper 2
Section I (50 marks)
1. Given that 2 log x2+log = k log x, find the value of k. (2 marks)
2. A variable P varies directly as t3 and inversely as the square root of s. When t = 2 and s = 9, P = 16. Determine the equation connecting P, t and s, hence find P when s = 36 and t=3. (4 marks)
3. Asia invested some money in a financial institution. The financial institution offered 6% per annum compound interest in the first year and 7% per annum in the second year. At the end of the second year, Asia had Ksh 170 130 in the financial institution. Determine the amount of money Asia invested. (3 marks)
4. The figure below represents a wedge ABCDEF. EF 10 cm, angle FBE 45° and the angle between the planes ABFE and ABCD is 20°.

Calculate length BC, correct to l decimal place.(3 marks)
5. Simplify √ 54 + ∛ 3/ √ 3 (2 marks)
6. In the figure below, AB is a tangent to the circle, centre O and radius 6 cm. The arc AC subtends an angle of 60° at the centre of the circle.

Calculate the area of the shaded region, correct to 1 decimal place. (4 marks)
7. Use completing the square method to solve 3x2 + Sx — 6 = 0, correct to 3 significant figures. (3 marks)
8. Three workers, working 8 hours per day can complete a task in 5 days. Each worker is paic Ksh 40 per hour. Calculate the cost of hiring 5 workers if they work for 6 hours per day tc complete the same task. (3 marks)
9. The table below represents a relationship between two variables x and y.
| x | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| y | 3.5 | 4.5 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 11 | 13 |
(a) On the grid provided draw the line of best fit.(3 marks)

(b) Use the graph to find the value off when x — 0.(1 marks)
10. State the amplitude and the phase angle of the curve y = 2sin x — 30° .(2 marks)
11. The mass, in kilograms, of 9 sheep in a pen were: 13, 8, 16, 17, 19, 20, 15, 14 and 11.
Determine the quartile deviation of the data. (3 marks)
12. The position of two points C and D on the earth’s surface are (8°N, l 0OE) and (8°N, 30°E) respectively. The distance between the two points is 600 nm. Determine the latitude on which C and D lie. (3 marks)
13. In the figure below OP — p, OR = r, PQ:QR = 1:2 and PS = 3PR.

Express QS in terms of p and r. (4 marks)
14. In a certain firm there are 6 men and 4 women employees. Two employees are chosen at random to attend a seminar. Determine the probability that a man and a woman are chosen. (3 marks)
15. Under a transformation T = (4 —3) (2 3)
, triangle OAB is mapped onto triangle OA’B’ with vertices O(0,0), A’(18,0) and B'(18, 6). Find the area of triangle OAB. (3 marks)
16. Find the value of k if

Section II
Answer any 5 questions from this section
17. The 5th and 10th terms of an arithmetic progression are 18 and —2 respectively. (a) Find the common difference and the first term. (4 marks)
(b) Determine the least number of terms which must be added together so that the sum of the progression is negative. Hence find the sum. (6 marks)
18.Complete the table below for the equation y=x2-4x+2
(2 marks)
| x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| y |
(b) On the grid provided draw the graph y = x2 — 4x + 2 for 0≤ x ≤ 5. Use 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to represent 1 unit on the y-axis. (3 marks)

(c) Use the graph to solve the equation, x2 — 4x + 2 = 0 (2 marks)
(d) By drawing a suitable line, use the graph in (b) to solve the equation A-2 — 5x + 3 = O. (3 marks)
19. (a) The table below shows the frequency distribution of heights of 40 plants in a tree nursery.

(a) State the modal class. (1 marks)
(b) Calculate:
(i) the mean height of the plants; (3 marks)
(ii) the standard deviation of the distribution. (4 marks)
(c) Determine the probability that a plant taken at random has a height greater than 40 cm. (2 marks)
20. (a) Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct: (i) a parallelogram ABCD, with line AB below as part of it, such that AD = 7 cm and angle BAD = 600; (3 marks)

(ii) the locus of points equidistant from AB and AD; (1 mark)
(iii) the perpendicular bisector of BC. (1 mark) (b) (i) Mark the point P that lies on DC and is equidistant from AB and AD. (1 mark)
(ii) Measure BP. (1 mark)
(c) Describe the locus that the perpendicular bisector of BC represents. (1 mark)
(d) Calculate the area of trapezium ABCP. (2 marks)
21. The table below shows some values of the curves y = 2 cos x and y = 3 sin x.
(a) Complete the table for values of y = 2 cos x and y = 3 sin x, correct to 1 decimal place. (2 marks)

On the grid provided, draw the graphs of y = 2 cos x and y = 3 sin x for 0° x 360°, on the same axes. (5 marks)

(c) Use the graph to find the values of x when 2 cos x — 3 sin x = 0 (2 marks)
(d) Use the graph to find the values of y when 2 cos x = 3 sin x. (1 marks)
22. The figure below is a model of a watch tower with a square base of side 10 cm. Height PU is 15 cm and slanting edges UV = TV = SV = RV = 13 cm.

Giving the answer correct to two decimal places, calculate:
(a) length MP; (2 marks)
(b) the angle between MU and plane MNPQ; (2 marks)
(c) Length of VO; (3 marks)
(d) The angle between planes VST and RSTU; (3 marks)
23. The table below shows monthly income tax rates for a certain year.

In that year a monthly personal tax relief of Ksh 1 280 was allowed. In a certain month of that year, Sila earned a monthly basic salary of Ksh 52 000, a house allowance of Ksh 7 800 and a commuter allowance of Ksh 5 000.
(a) Calculate:
(i) Sila’s taxable income;(3 marks)
(ii) the net tax payable by Sila in that month;(5 marks)
(b) In July that year, Sila’s basic salary was raised by 4%. Determine Sila’s net salary in July.(3 marks)
24 A hotel buys beef and mutton daily. The amount of beef bought must be at least 30kg and that of mutton at least 20 kg. The total mass of beef and mutton bought should not exceed 100 kg. The beef is bought at Ksh 360 per kg and the mutton at Ksh 480 per kg.
The amount of money spent on both beef and mutton should not exceed Ksh 43 200 per day. Let x represent the number of kilograms of beef and y the number of kilograms of mutton.
(a) Write the inequalities that represent the above information.(3 marks)
(b) On the grid provided, draw the inequalities in (a) above.(3 marks)

(c) The hotel makes a profit of ksh 50 on each kg of beef and ksh 60 on each kg of mutton.Determine the maximum profit the hotel can make(3 marks)
2018 Mathematics Paper 2
1. Given that 2 log x2+log = k log x, find the value of k. (2 marks)
2 log x2+log√x=klogx
log(x4x1/2
=logxk
k=1/2
2. A variable P varies directly as t3 and inversely as the square root of s. When t = 2 and s = 9, P = 16. Determine the equation connecting P, t and s, hence find P when s = 36 and t=3. (4 marks)

3. Asia invested some money in a financial institution. The financial institution offered 6% per annum compound interest in the first year and 7% per annum in the second year. At the end of the second year, Asia had Ksh 170 130 in the financial institution. Determine the amount of money Asia invested. (3 marks)
p2=170130
p2=170130/1.07
=Ksh 150000
4. The figure below represents a wedge ABCDEF. EF 10 cm, angle FBE 45° and the angle between the planes ABFE and ABCD is 20°.

Calculate length BC, correct to l decimal place.(3 marks)
BF = 10 B1
Cos 20‘ BC/10
BC=10 Cos 20º
=9.4 cm
5. Simplify √ 54 + ∛ 3/ √ 3 (2 marks)

6. In the figure below, AB is a tangent to the circle, centre O and radius 6 cm. The arc AC subtends an angle of 60° at the centre of the circle.

Calculate the area of the shaded region, correct to 1 decimal place. (4 marks)
AB=6tan 60º or OB = 6/cos69
Area of triangle OAB =1/2x60x 6tan 60º
Area of sector OAC=60/360 x π x 62
Area of shaded part = 31.18 —18.85
— 12.3 cm2
7. Use completing the square method to solve 3x2 + Sx — 6 = 0, correct to 3 significant figures.(3 marks)

8. Three workers, working 8 hours per day can complete a task in 5 days. Each worker is paic Ksh 40 per hour. Calculate the cost of hiring 5 workers if they work for 6 hours per day tc complete the same task. (3 marks)
W : H : D
3 : 5 😡
No. of Days = 5x 8/6×3/5
=4days
cost=5x6x4x40
=Ksh4800
9. The table below represents a relationship between two variables x and y.
| x | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| y | 3.5 | 4.5 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 11 | 13 |
(a) On the grid provided draw the line of best fit.(3 marks)

(b) Use the graph to find the value off when x — 0.(1 marks)
When = 0, y = 1
10. State the amplitude and the phase angle of the curve y = 2sin x — 30° .(2 marks)
Amplitude = 2
Phase angle = 30°
11. The mass, in kilograms, of 9 sheep in a pen were: 13, 8, 16, 17, 19, 20, 15, 14 and 11.
Determine the quartile deviation of the data. (3 marks)

12. The position of two points C and D on the earth’s surface are (8°N, l 0OE) and (8°N, 30°E) respectively. The distance between the two points is 600 nm. Determine the latitude on which C and D lie. (3 marks)
Longitude difference = 30 — 10 = 20°
600 — 20 x 60 Cos B
Cos 8 = 0.5
8 = 60°
Latitude = 60°N
13. In the figure below OP — p, OR = r, PQ:QR = 1:2 and PS = 3PR.

Express QS in terms of p and r. (4 marks)

14. In a certain firm there are 6 men and 4 women employees. Two employees are chosen at random to attend a seminar. Determine the probability that a man and a woman are chosen. (3 marks)
P(MW or WM) =6/10 + 4/9 + 4/10 + 6/9
24/90+24/90
=8/15
15. Triangle OAB is mapped onto triangle OA’B’ with vertices O(0,0), A’(18,0) and B'(18, 6). Find the area of triangle OAB. (3 marks)

16. Find the value of k if


Section II
Answer any 5 questions from this section
17. The 5th and 10th terms of an arithmetic progression are 18 and —2 respectively. (a) Find the common difference and the first term. (4 marks)
a + 4d= 18
a + 9d= — 2
5d = —20
a = 34
(b) Determine the least number of terms which must be added together so that the sum of the progression is negative. Hence find the sum. (6 marks)

18.Complete the table below for the equation y=x2-4x+2
(2 marks)
| x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| y |
(b) On the grid provided draw the graph y = x2 — 4x + 2 for 0≤ x ≤ 5. Use 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to represent 1 unit on the y-axis. (3 marks)

(c) Use the graph to solve the equation, x2 — 4x + 2 = 0 (2 marks)
x=0.6± 0.05
x=3.4 ± 0.05
(d) By drawing a suitable line, use the graph in (b) to solve the equation A-2 — 5x + 3 = O. (3 marks)

19. (a) The table below shows the frequency distribution of heights of 40 plants in a tree nursery.

(a) State the modal class. (1 marks)
Model Class 30 – 40

(b) Calculate:
(i) The mean height of the plants; (3 marks)

(ii) the standard deviation of the distribution. (4 marks)

(c) Determine the probability that a plant taken at random has a height greater than 40 cm. (2 marks)
No. of plants whose height>40 = 4+2=6
p(height>40cm)=6/40=0.15
20. (a) Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct:

(i) a parallelogram ABCD, with line AB below as part of it, such that AD = 7 cm and angle BAD = 600; (3 marks)
(ii) the locus of points equidistant from AB and AD; (1 mark)
Angle bisector of (iii) the perpendicular bisector of BC. (1 mark)
bisector of BC ✓ drawn
(b) (i) Mark the point P that lies on DC and is equidistant from AB and AD. (1 mark)
Point P identified and ✓ marked on line DC
(ii) Measure BP. (1 mark)
BP = 7 ± O. 1 cm
(c) Describe the locus that the perpendicular bisector of BC represents. (1 mark)
Locus of Points equidistant from B and C
(d) Calculate the area of trapezium ABCP. (2 marks)
21. The table below shows some values of the curves y = 2 cos x and y = 3 sin x.
(a) Complete the table for values of y = 2 cos x and y = 3 sin x, correct to 1 decimal place. (2 marks)

On the grid provided, draw the graphs of y = 2 cos x and y = 3 sin x for 0° x 360°, on the same axes. (5 marks)

(c) Use the graph to find the values of x when 2 cos x — 3 sin x = 0 (2 marks)
2cosx-3sinx=0
=2cosx=3sinx
x=34° and x=214°
(d) Use the graph to find the values of y when 2 cos x = 3 sin x. (1 marks)
y=1.6 and y = -1.6
22. The figure below is a model of a watch tower with a square base of side 10 cm. Height PU is 15 cm and slanting edges UV = TV = SV = RV = 13 cm.

Giving the answer correct to two decimal places, calculate:
(a) length MP; (2 marks)
MP2=102+102
MP=√ 200 =14.14
(b) the angle between MU and plane MNPQ; (2 marks)

(c) Length of VO; (3 marks)

(d) The angle between planes VST and RSTU; (3 marks)

23. The table below shows monthly income tax rates for a certain year.

In that year a monthly personal tax relief of Ksh 1 280 was allowed. In a certain month of that year, Sila earned a monthly basic salary of Ksh 52 000, a house allowance of Ksh 7 800 and a commuter allowance of Ksh 5 000.
(a) Calculate:
Taxable income = 52000 + 7800 + 5000 = Ksh 64800
(i) Sila’s taxable income;(3 marks)
Tax payable 11180×0.1=1118
10534x 0.15 =1580.10
10534 x0.2 = 2106.80
10534x 0.25 = 2633.50
22018x 0.3 = 6605.4
Total tax = 14043.8
(ii) the net tax payable by Sila in that month;(5 marks)
Net tax = 14043.8 —1280 = 12763.8
(b) In July that year, Sila’s basic salary was raised by 4%. Determine Sila’s net salary in July.(3 marks)
Additional tax = 4/100 x 52000 x 0.3 100 = Ksh 624
40 Net salary = 64800 — 12763.8 — 624 + (4/100 x 52 000)
= Ksh 53492.20
24 A hotel buys beef and mutton daily. The amount of beef bought must be at least 30kg and that of mutton at least 20 kg. The total mass of beef and mutton bought should not exceed 100 kg. The beef is bought at Ksh 360 per kg and the mutton at Ksh 480 per kg.
The amount of money spent on both beef and mutton should not exceed Ksh 43 200 per day. Let x represent the number of kilograms of beef and y the number of kilograms of mutton.
(a) Write the inequalities that represent the above information.(3 marks)
x≥30; y≥20
x+y=≤100
360x+480≤43200 0r 3x+4y≤360
(b) On the grid provided, draw the inequalities in (a) above.(3 marks)

(c) The hotel makes a profit of ksh 50 on each kg of beef and ksh 60 on each kg of mutton. Determine the maximum profit the hotel can make (3 marks)
objective function = 50x+60y
profit=50×60+60×60
=5600

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
2018 Mathematics Paper 1
Section I (50 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section.
1. Without using a calculator, evaluate:(3 marks)

2. Given that 6 2n-3= 7776, find the value of n. (3 marks)
3. The base of a right pyramid is a rectangle of length 80 cm and width 60 cm. Each slant edge of the pyramid is 130 cm. Calculate the volume of the pyramid. (3 marks)
4. In the figure below ABCDEF is a uniform cross section of a solid. Given that FG is one of the visible edges of the solid, complete the sketch showing the hidden edges with broken lines.

5. The lengths of three wires were 30m, 36 m and 84m. Pieces of wire of equal length were cut from the three wires. Calculate the least number of pieces obtained. (4 marks)
6. A two digit number is such that, the sum of its digits is 13. When the digits are interchanged, the original number is increased by 9. Find the original number. (4 marks)
7. (a) Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct a quadrilateral PQRS in which PQ = 5 cm, PS = 3 cm, QR = 4 cm, PQR = 135° and SPQ is a right angle. (2 marks)
(b) The quadrilateral PQRS represents a plot of land drawn to a scale of l:4000. Determine the actual length of RS in metres. (2 marks)
8. Given that OA = 3 and OB = . Find the mid point M of AB.
9. Two towns R and S are 245 km apart. A bus travelling at an average speed of 60 km/h left tow: R for town S at 8.00 a.m. A truck left town S for town R at 9.00 a.m and met with the bus c 11.00a.m. Determine the average speed of the truck. (4 marks)
10. In the parallelogram WXYZ below, WX = 10 cm, XY = 5 cm and WXY = 150°.

Calculate the area of the parallelogram. (3 marks)
11. Without using mathematical tables or a calculator, evaluate sin 30°-sin60 °/tan60°(3 marks)
12. Use matrix method to solve: 5x + 3J = 35
3x — 4y — —8
(3 marks)
13. Expand and simplify.
(2x + 1)2 + (x — 1)(x — 3).(2 marks)
14. Use mathematical tables to find the reciprocal of 0.0247, hence evaluate
𢆳.025/0.1247 correct to 2 decimal places.(3 marks)
15. A Kenyan businessman intended to buy goods worth US dollar 20 000 from South Africa Calculate the value of the goods to the nearest South Africa (S.A) Rand given that 1 US dollar = Ksh 101.9378 and 1 S.A Rand = Ksh 7.6326. (3 marks)
16. A photograph print measuring 24cm by 15 cm is enclosed in a frame.
A uniform space of width x cm is left in between the edges of the photograph and the frame. If the area of the space i‹ 270cm’, find the value ofx. (3 marks)
Section II (50 marks)
Answer any five questions from this section.
17. A school water tank is in the shape of a frustum of a cone. The height of the tank is 7.2 m and the top and bottom radii are 6m and 12 m respectively.
(a) Calculate the area of the curved surface of the tank, correct to 2 decimal places. (4 marks)
(b) Find the capacity of the tank, in litres, correct to the nearest litre. (3 marks)
(c) On a certain day, the tank was filled with water. If the school has 500 students and each student uses an average of 40 litres of water per day, determine the number of days that the students would use the water. (3 marks)
18. Two vertices of a triangle ABC are A (3,6) and B (7,12).
(a) Find the equation of line AB.(3 marks)
(b) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of line AB.(4 marks)
(c) Given that AC is perpendicular to AB and the equation of line BC is y = -5x + 47, find the co-ordinates of C. (3 marks)
19. The distance covered by a moving particle through point O is given by the equation, s = t3 – 15t2 + 63f — 10.
Find:
(a) distance covered when f = (2 marks)
(b) the distance covered during the 3rd second;(3 marks)
(c) the time when the particle is momentarily at rest;(3 marks)
(d) the acceleration when t — 5.(2 marks>
20. The diagram below shows triangle ABC with vertices A(— 1, —3), B(1, — 1) and C(0,0), and line M.

(a) Draw triangle A’B’C’ the image of triangle ABC under a reflection in the line M. (2 marks)
(b) Triangle A“B“C“ is the image of triangle A’B’C’ under a transformation represented by the matrix T = (1 2) (0 1)
(i) Draw triangle A”B”C“ (3 marks)
(ii) Describe fully the transformation represented by matrix T. (3 marks)
(iii) Find the area of triangle A’B’C’ hence find area of triangle A“B“C”. (2 marks)
21. The figure below shows two triangles, ABC and BCD with a common base BC = 3.4 cm. AC = 7.2 cm, CD = 7.5 cm and ABC = 90°.
The area of triangle ABC = Area of triangle ∠BCD.

Calculate, correct to one decimal place:
(a) the area of triangle ABC;(3 marks)
(b) the size of ∠BCD; (3 marks)
(c) the length of BD;(2 marks)
(d) the size of ∠BDC.(2 marks)
22. (a) On the grid provided, draw the graph of y = 4-1/4x2for -4 ≤ x ≤ (2 marks)

(b) Using trapezium rule, with 8 strips, estimate the area bounded by the curve and the z-axis. (3 marks)
(c) Find the area estimated in part (b) above by integration. (3 marks)
(d) Calculate the percentage error in estimating the area using trapezium rule. (2 marks)
23. Three business partners Abila, Bwire and Chirchir contributed Ksh 120 000, Ksh 180 000 and Ksh 240 000 respectively, to boost their business.
They agreed to put 20% of the profit accrued back into the business and to use 35% of the profits for running the business (official operations).
The remainder was to be shared among the business partners in the ratio of their contribution. At the end of the year, a gross profit of Ksh 225 000 was realised.
(a) Calculate the amount:
(i) put back into the business;(2 marks)
(ii) used for official operations.(1 marks)
(b) Calculate the amount of profit each partner got.(4 marks)
(c) If the amount put back into the business was added to individuals’s shares proportionately to their initial contribution, find the amount of Chirchir’s new shares. (3 marks)
24. The equation of a curve is given as y=1/3x3-4x+5 Determine:
(a) The value of y when x = 3; (2 marks)
(b) The gradient of the curve at x = 3; (3 marks)
(c) The turning points of the curve and their nature. (5 marks)
Questions and Answers
2018 Mathematics Paper 1
1. Without using a calculator, evaluate:(3 marks)


2. Given that 6 2n-3= 7776, find the value of n. (3 marks)
7776 = 65
662n-3 = 65
2n —3 = 5
n = 4
3. The base of a right pyramid is a rectangle of length 80 cm and width 60 cm. Each slant edge of the pyramid is 130 cm. Calculate the volume of the pyramid. (3 marks)
Height h = √ 1302 – 502
= l20cm
Volume=1/3 x80x 60 x 120
192000cm2
4. In the figure below ABCDEF is a uniform cross section of a solid. Given that FG is one of the visible edges of the solid, complete the sketch showing the hidden edges with broken lines.


5. The lengths of three wires were 30m, 36 m and 84m. Pieces of wire of equal length were cut from the three wires. Calculate the least number of pieces obtained. (4 marks)
30 = 3x 2 x 5
36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
84 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 7
G.C.D. —— 2 x 3 M1
= 6 AI
No of pieces obtained
30/6 + 36/6 + 84/6
= 25
6. A two digit number is such that, the sum of its digits is 13. When the digits are interchanged, the original number is increased by 9. Find the original number. (4 marks)
x+y=13
(l0y + x) – (l0x + y) = 9 or — x+ y = 1
x+y=13
y-x=1/2y=14
y=7
x=6
7. (a) Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct a quadrilateral PQRS in which PQ = 5 cm, PS = 3 cm, QR = 4 cm, PQR = 135° and SPQ is a right angle. (2 marks)

(b) The quadrilateral PQRS represents a plot of land drawn to a scale of l:4000. Determine the actual length of RS in metres. (2 marks)
RS= (7.8 ± 0.1) cm
Actua x 40m
= 312 ± 4m
8. Given that OA = (2/3) and OB = (-4/5)
Find the mid point M of AB.

9. Two towns R and S are 245 km apart. A bus travelling at an average speed of 60 km/h left tow: R for town S at 8.00 a.m. A truck left town S for town R at 9.00 a.m and met with the bus c 11.00a.m. Determine the average speed of the truck. (4 marks)
Distance covered by truck = 245 — 60 x 3
=65km
Time taken by the track = 11-9 = 2h
Average speed of truck
65/2
35.5km/hr
10. In the parallelogram WXYZ below, WX = 10 cm, XY = 5 cm and WXY = 150°.

Calculate the area of the parallelogram. (3 marks)
h = 5 sin 30°
= 2.5cm
Area = 2.5 x 10
=25cm3 11. Without using mathematical tables or a calculator, evaluate sin 30°-sin60 °/tan60°(3 marks)

12. Use matrix method to solve: 5x + 3J = 35
3x — 4y — —8
(3 marks)

x=4
y=5
13. Expand and simplify.
(2x + 1)2 + (x — 1)(x — 3).(2 marks)
(2x+1)’ +(x—1)(x—3) = 4x2 + 4x + 1+ x2 -4x + 3
= 52 + 4
14. Use mathematical tables to find the reciprocal of 0.0247, hence evaluate
𢆳.025/0.1247 correct to 2 decimal places.(3 marks)

15. A Kenyan businessman intended to buy goods worth US dollar 20 000 from South Africa Calculate the value of the goods to the nearest South Africa (S.A) Rand given that 1 US dollar = Ksh 101.9378 and 1 S.A Rand = Ksh 7.6326. (3 marks)
20000 dollars = 20000 x 101.9378
= Ksh. 2038756
In S.A. rand 20000 x 101.93.78/7.6326
=267112 rands
16. A photograph print measuring 24cm by 15 cm is enclosed in a frame.
A uniform space of width x cm is left in between the edges of the photograph and the frame. If the area of the space is 270cm2, find the value ofx. (3 marks)
Area of space = 2x(15 +2x)z + 2×24 x
30a + 4x2 + 48x — 270
4x2 + 78x — 270 = 0
4x2 — 12 + 90 — 270 = 0
4x(x — 3) + 90(z — 3) — 0
4x(x — 3) + 90(x — 3 = 0
(4x + 90)(z — 3) = 0
x =- 22.5 or x = 3
Section II (50 marks)
Answer any five questions from this section.
17. A school water tank is in the shape of a frustum of a cone. The height of the tank is 7.2 m and the top and bottom radii are 6m and 12 m respectively.
(a) Calculate the area of the curved surface of the tank, correct to 2 decimal places. (4 marks)

(b) Find the capacity of the tank, in litres, correct to the nearest litre. (3 marks)
Volume = 1/3πR2H – 1/3πr2h
1/3xπx122x14.4-1/3πx62x7.2
= 1900.0 m3
Capacity = 1900 x 1000 litres
= 1900000 litres
(c) On a certain day, the tank was filled with water. If the school has 500 students and each student uses an average of 40 litres of water per day, determine the number of days that the students would use the water. (3 marks)
Amount used by students per day. =40 x 500
=20000 litres
=No. of days = 1900000
=20000
= 95 days
18. Two vertices of a triangle ABC are A (3,6) and B (7,12).
(a) Find the equation of line AB.(3 marks)

(b) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of line AB.(4 marks)

(c) Given that AC is perpendicular to AB and the equation of line BC is y = -5x + 47, find the co-ordinates of C. (3 marks)

19. The distance covered by a moving particle through point O is given by the equation, s = t3 – 15t2 + 63f — 10.
Find:
(a) distance covered when f = (2 marks)
S(2)= 2 3 – 15(2)2 + 63(2) —10
— 8 — 60 +126 —10
= 64
(b) the distance covered during the 3rd second;(3 marks)
S(s) = 33 —15(3)2 + 63(3) — 10
= 27 — 135 + 189 — 10
= 71
Distance in 3rd second
S(3) — S(2) = 71 – 64
= 7
(c) the time when the particle is momentarily at rest;(3 marks)
V=ds/dt = 3t<sup2< sup=””> — 30t + 63 = 0</sup2<>
t2 -10t + 21 = 0
(t —3)(t—7) = 0
t = 3 or t = 7
(d) the acceleration when t = 5 (2 marks>
Acceleration = dv/dt = 6t — 30 = 6(5) — 30
= 0
20. The diagram below shows triangle ABC with vertices A(— 1, —3), B(1, — 1) and C(0,0), and line M.

(a) Draw triangle A’B’C’ the image of triangle ABC under a reflection in the line M. (2 marks)

(b) Triangle A“B“C“ is the image of triangle A’B’C’ under a transformation represented by the matrix T = (1 2) (0 1)
(i) Draw triangle A”B”C“ (3 marks)

(ii) Describe fully the transformation represented by matrix T.(3 marks)
Area of triangle A’B’C’= 1/2 (3 + I) x 2 — 1.5 — 0.5
= 4 — 2
= 2 sq units
Area of A’B’C’ = Area of A’B’C’
= 2 square units
21. The figure below shows two triangles, ABC and BCD with a common base BC = 3.4 cm. AC = 7.2 cm, CD = 7.5 cm and ABC = 90°.
The area of triangle ABC = Area of triangle ∠BCD.

Calculate, correct to one decimal place:(a) the area of triangle ABC;(3 marks)
AB =√ 7.22 – 3.42 = 6.3cm Area of ∆ ABC 1/2x 6.3 x 3.4
= 10.7 cm2
(b) the size of ∠BCD; (3 marks)
Area of ∆ ABC = Area of � 1/2 x 3.4 x 7.5 x sinθ = 10.7
Sin θ =10.7 x 2 /3.4 x 7.5
θ = 57. 1
Obtuse Angle BCD = 180 – 57.1
= 122.9
(c) the length of BD;(2 marks)
BD2 = 7.52 + 3.42 — 2 x 3.4 x 7.5cos 122.9
= 95.51
BD = 9.8cm
(d) the size of ∠BDC.(2 marks)
Angle BDC: 3.4/Sin 8 = 9.8/Sin 122.9
Sin 0 = 3.4sin122.9/9.8
0 = 16.9°
22. (a) On the grid provided, draw the graph of y = 4-1/4x2for -4 ≤ x ≤ (2 marks)


(b) Using trapezium rule, with 8 strips, estimate the area bounded by the curve and the z-axis. (3 marks)Area — =1/2 x1(0 + 0 + 2(1.75 + 3 + 3.75 + 4 + 3.75 + 3 +1.75)
=1/2x1x2x21
= 21 sq units
(c) Find the area estimated in part (b) above by integration. (3 marks)

(d) Calculate the percentage error in estimating the area using trapezium rule. (2 marks)

23. Three business partners Abila, Bwire and Chirchir contributed Ksh 120 000, Ksh 180 000 and Ksh 240 000 respectively, to boost their business.They agreed to put 20% of the profit accrued back into the business and to use 35% of the profits for running the business (official operations).
The remainder was to be shared among the business partners in the ratio of their contribution. At the end of the year, a gross profit of Ksh 225 000 was realised.
(a) Calculate the amount:
(i) put back into the business;(2 marks)
20/100 x 225000
= 45000
(ii) used for official operations.(1 marks)
35 /100 x 225000
=78750
(b) Calculate the amount of profit each partner got.(4 marks)
Amount for each contribution ratio contributions: Abiro: Bwire: Chirchir
120000:180000:240000
= 2 : 3 : 4
(c) If the amount put back into the business was added to individuals’s shares proportionately to their initial contribution, find the amount of Chirchir’s new shares. (3 marks)
Abila 2/9 x 45/100 x 225 000
= 22500
Bwire 3/9 x 45/100 x 225000
33750
Chirchir = 4/9 x 45/100 x 225000
45000
24. The equation of a curve is given as y=1/3x3-4x+5 Determine:
(a) The value of y when x = 3; (2 marks)
y = 1/3x34x+5
When x-3
y = 1/3(3)34(2)+5
=2
Gradient at x = 3
(b) The gradient of the curve at x = 3; (3 marks)
dy/dx=x2-4
at x = 3
dy/dx=(3)2-4
=5
(c) The turning points of the curve and their nature. (5 marks)


Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education Kiswahili – Fasihi Karatasi ya 3
1.Lazima
N ilreyaandika lâaaneno haya KWa lıiaba ya:
Malrilioni wasio malazi
Wabebao vifurushi vilivyo wazi
wazungukao barabaranı bil a mavazi Milki yao ya ıraisha.
Kwa niaba ya:
Maelfu wanouawa bila haki wiki baada ya wiki
leo sumu au spaki
leo kamba au bunduki
na kwa wale wanosubiri kunyongwa.
Kwa niaba ya:
Vijana walio mitaani
wale mayatima wa maskini wazBngukao mapipani
kila pembe mjini
kuokota sumu kutia tumboni kujiua bila kujua
ili kupata kuishi.
Kwa niaba ya:
Wakongwe wasiojiweza walao chakula kiłichooza
wachuktiao choo wakijipakaza polepole
wakijiangamiza katika vyumba vyao
baridi na giza
kwa sababu haWarla Watazama
waga wauguza.
Kwa niaba ya:
waish i na nyingi hofu
kwa sababu ya madawa tifutifu
yatiwayo vyakulani yakitufanya wafu
bila ya mtu kuona
kama kwanba sote tu vipofu,
Na kwa niaba yetu sote;
Tuliofungwa vifungoni, duniani Tuliosukunıwa kingoni, maishani Tuliopokonywa maoni, machoni Tuliotiliwa sumu, malishoni Tuliodidimizwa kinyesini
ili ‘maendeleo
yaendelee kwenda njiani
huku yakitema machicha ya roho zetu.
(a) “Shairi hili linakatisha tamaa.” Thibitisha kauli hii kwa kutoa mifano saba kutoka kwenye shairi. ( alama 7)
(b) Fafanua umuhimu wa aina mbili za urudiaji zilizotumiwa katika shairi hili. (alama 4)
(c) Bainisha vipengele vifuatavyo vya kimtindo katika shairi hili.
(i) tasfida
(ii) kinaya
(iii) tashihisi (alama 3)
(d) Eleza kwa kutoa mfano, mbinu moja ambayo mshairi ametumia kutosheleza mahitajl ya kiarudh) katika ubeti wa tano. (alama 2)
(e) Andika ubeti wa pili kwa lugha ya nathari.(alama 2)
(f) Bainisha nafsineni katika shairi hili.(alama 2)
SEHEMU B: RIWAYA
K. Walibora: Kidagaa Kimem›vozea Jibu swali la 2 au la 3.
2. “Riwaya hii ya aina yake inathibiiisha kwa usanii wa kupi8iwa mfano jinsi ndoto ya uhuru b wi Afrika imegeuka kuwa jinamizi.” (a) Eleza muktddhâ Wa dondoo hili. (alama 4)
tb) Onyesha jinsi ndoto ya uhuru barani Afrika imegeuka kuwa jinamizi kwa kuwarejelea wahusika Wâftlâtâo:
(¡) Majisifu (alama 8)
(ii) Fao(alama 4) (iii) Wahudumu katika zahanati ya Nasaba Bora(alama 4)
3. (d) “Leo usukani uko mikononi mıvetu wenyewe. Mbeberu amekwisha ng ’olewa pamoja na mizizi yake.”
Onyesha kinaya kalika kauli hii kwa kutoa mifano ku mi kutoka Kidagaa Kimemıvozea. (alama 10)
(b) Tathmini mchango wa wanyonge katika kuzoroteka kwa hali ya maisha yao. (a lama 10)(alama 4)
SEHEMU C: TAMTHILIA
P. Kea: Kfgogo
Jibu swali la 4 au la5.
4. Tusiwaruhusu watu wachache waliojazwa kasumba za kikoloni fiturejesha kwenye utumwa. Hatuwezi kukubali kutawaliwa kidhalimu tena!”
(a) Eleza muktadha wa dondoo hili. (alama 4)
(b) Fafanua kinyume kinachojitokeza katika kauli iliyopigiwa mstari kwa kurejelea hoja kumi na sita kutoka kwenye tamthilia hii. ( alama 16)
5. “Si haki! Unayazika matumaini yetu. Unaifukia kesho yetu.”
(a) Fafanua umuhimu wa mzungumzaji wa maneno haya katika kuijenga taınthilia ya Kigogo. (alama 6)
(b) Kwa kurejelea hoja kumi na nne kutoka kwenye tamthilia, jadili namna uongozi wa Sagamoyo unavyoyazika matumaini ya raia. (alama 14)
Sehemu D: Hadithi Fupi
A. Chokocho na D. Kayanda:
Tumbo Lisiloshiba na Hadhithi Nyingine Jibu swali la 6 au la 7. Said A. Mohamed: “Tumbo Lisiloshiba”
6. “. . .lakini hakuiruhusu sahau îketi na kuitawala kichwan mwake. .. hapoi. .. Angepoaje na ule moto unaomlipukia kila mtu pale mtaani, umeacha mpaka sasa kOVu bichi moyoni mwa kila
(a) Eleza muktadha wa dondoo hili.(alama 4)
(b) Bainisha tamathali tatu za usemi ambazo zimetumiwa katika kauli hii. ( Fafanua sifa tano za mhusika anayerejelewa na kauli hii.(alama 3)
(d) Huku ukijadili hoja nane, onyesha jinsi wakazi wa M adongoporomoka walivyolipukiwa na moto.(alama 5)
7. Onyesha jinsi maudhui ya utabaka yalivyoshughulikiwa katika Tumbo Lisiloshiba na Hadilhi Nvingine kwa kurejelea hadithi zifuatazo:
(a) Mkubwa (alama 12)
(b) Kidege (alama 8)
Sehemu E:Fasihi Simulizi
Soma utungo ufuatayo kisha ujibu maswali.
Nalilitizama jua la kinjano Likijikokota kwa jitirnai kutBa Mbele ya nguu
ya mlima uso kikomo likipisha machweo yenye giza la kaniki
Likishindilia uzito wa nanga kwenye moyo tepetevu
uloonja shubiri ya kwondokewa.
Twalitazamana na hiyo shamsi ikipotelea kwenye upeo wa macho huku nyuma ikinambia “yamekwisha.”.
Naliona kope zake zikimezwa na kiza Nikaliona jua likitoweka pamwe nawe Jagina wa maisha yangu.
Nikaliona likikokota aushiyo likabwakura rohoyo kutoka kwenye vyangu vitanga.
Kumbukizi zilikuleta
kwenye jukwaa la akili yangu pazia likafunguka
likayaleta mawio
ya siku ya kvamkia kuuka kwako.
Nalikuona kwenye ruya ukitazamana ana kwa ana na hasidi alokakawana
kutuhasiri mi nawe
Nalikiona kipaji chako kikitwaa wasiwasi ukawa ni kama wanywea kwa wake mtazamo.
Hata uliponishika mkono kunambia tukimbile tuj‹ ponye nalikuwa rli mechelewa Ulikuwa keshanipa kisogo, huku nyuma waniita, “Mwanangu, njoo tujisalimishe Mwanangu njoo, nguvu zimenisha.” Kumbe hiyo ilikuwa tahadhari kWamba Iziraili yu karibu moyowe kuchukua?
Kumbe wali ukisema,‘Buriani mwanagu?”
Siku ya faradhi ilifika, mkono kulazimika kukupungia
Naliutazama mwilio mtakatifu
Nalilitazama tambolo liloumbuka wali uıredhibitiwa shujaa wangu ndani ya chumba chenye kuta na paa la mbao.
Hata tulipokukaribisha,
kwa lako kaburi
Nilijipa kujiambia, “Hajenda popote
mtiına bado wapiga.”v Nalirgoja unisalimu Nalingojea tabasamu lako lenye haya Ela hayo hayakutimila Walikuwa kesha kwenda Kuwa milki, ya ardhi isoshiba. Hata waliponena, “Udongo kwa udongo,”
NiJikusitJa ewe yeli uso kifani ııkighani ubeti wa wimbo
wako pendwa mawazoni mwangu,
“Kifo ni hasidi, Ikiwa mimi Gunge
Roho yarıgu nitamkabidhi Iziraili Mimi niliyekaidi bunduki ya Mzungu Katika kitali cha miaka minne
Kwetu kukarudi fahari na jina.
Mimi niliyeshindana na ndui na tetekuwanga, iliyow apukutislıa wana wote wa Ngome Nikabaki mimi, jogoo wa kijiji.
“Kifo ni shujaa,
Ikiwa mimi Gunge mwili wangu huu mtukufu
kwa tambo na nemsi nitaukubalia
kuwa lengo la dua za kuonewa imani kuwa karamu ya macho ya mahasimu kuvikwa suti na mwosha kufunikwa kwa udongo uliolaaniwa
Mimi Gurige,
Niliruhusu jabali kubwa Likibinye changu kichwa Likidhibiti ehangu kidari Linizibe zangu pumzi Girige niache kutawala.”
Huu ni wimbo wa aina gani? (alama l)
Andika sababu mbili kuthibitisha jibu lako la a(i). (alama 1)
Ni nani anayeimbiwa na nafsineni? (alama 1)
Bainisha matatizo eıawili yanayoikumba jamii inayosawiriwa na utungo buu. (alama 2)
(iv) Bainisha mbinu zifuatazo katıka wimbo huu.(alama 2)
(i) ritifaa
(ii) mbinu rejeshi
(iii). taashira (alama 3)
Unanuia kutumia mbinu ya kutazama na kushiriki kufanya utafiti kuhusu nyimbo za aina hii. Eleza sababu sita za kuchagua mbinu hii. (alama 6)
(b) Fafanua mikakati sita ambayo jamii inaweza kutumia ili kuUdumisha utanzu wa semi. (alama 6)
Kiswahili Paper 3 (102/1)
(a) Mtahiniwa abainishe hali duni ya maisha (au matatizo) ambayo nafsineni inaangazia. Mifano:
(i) Umaskini Kuzunguka barabarani bila mavazi.
– Vifurushi vitupu ndivyo milki yao. (ubeti 1)
(ii) Ukiukaji wa haki za kîbinadamu — watu wengi wanauawa bila haki kila wakati. (ubeti 2)
(iii) Tatizo la uyatima — vijana mayatima wa maskini kuzunguka mitaani. (ubeti 3)
(iv) Vijana wanajidhalilisha kwa kula vyakula duni na hatari (kwa sababu ya uhitaji) bila kujua kwamba wanajiua katika harakati zao za kung’ang’ania kuishi. (ubeti 3)
(v) Wazee wanatelekezwa katika makao ya wazee — hawana walinzi wala wauguzi. (ubeti 4)
(vi) Wazee wanauawa polepole kwa kupewa chakula chenye vijasumu (kilichooza) (ubeti 4).
(vii) Wakongwe wamepoteza urazini — hali yao inasikitisha kwani wanajipakaza hata choo. (ubeti 4)
Mazingira mabaya/magumu kwenye makao ya wazee yanakatisha tamaa. Wanaishi kwenye vyumba vyenye baridi na giza. (ubeti 4)
(ix) Binadamu wamejawa na dhiki ya kisaikolojia. Wanaishi k.wa hofu kwa sababu ya vijasumu vyenye kutiwa kwenye chakula na kuhatarisha maisha yao. (ubeti 5)
Mapuuza — watu wanakula vyakula vyenye sumu/dawa bila kuwazia hatari yake. (ubeti 5)
(xi) Watu wanadhulumiwa; wanafungwa na kukatishwa tamaa (tuliosukumwa kingoni maishani) na kadhalilishwa (tuliodidimiziwa kinyesini) iii maendeleo yapatikane, huku wao wakiwa katlka hatari ya kufa. Watu kulemazwa: wanapokonywa uoni( Ubeti wa 6)
Kuwepo kwa viongozi wasiowajibika: wanaendeleza shughul za kimaendeleo ambazo zinahatarisha maisha ya wanyonge
(b) (i) Urudiaji wa silabi/silabi zinazosikika kama sauti moja. Kwa mfano:
zi — katika: makazi, na mavazi (ubeti 1)
ki— katika: haki, wiki, spaki, bunduki (ubeti 2)
ni — katika: mitaani, maskini mapipani, tumboni (ubeti 3)
za — katika: wasiojiweza, kilichooza, wakijiangamiza (ubeti 4) fu — katika: hofu, tifutifu, wafu (ubeti 5)
Umuhimu: kujenga ridhimu/kulipa shairi muonjo/mdundo wa kimuziki/ kuleta urari wa vina.
Aina — alama 1
Umuhimu — alama 1
(ii) Urudiaji wa irabu/ sauti. Kwa mfano.
‘o’ — katika: wazungukao, wabebao (ubeti 1)
Umuhimu: Kujenga ridhimu/kulipa shairi muonjo/mdundo wa kimuziki/ kuleta urari wa vina.
Aina — alama 1
Umuhimu — alama l
(iii) Urudiaji wa vifungu vya maneno
Kirai: “Kwa niaba ya” kimerudiwa katika shairi zima (ndicho kinaanzia kila ubeti isipokuwa ubeti wa kwanza).
Umuhimu
i) Unasisitiza wazo kuu, kwamba nafsineni haijisemei tu — ni sauti ya wanyonge wanaoteseka.
ii) Kuchimuza/ kutambulisha toni ya shairi- nafsineni inachukizwa na hali ya maisha.
Aina — alama l
Umuhimu — alama 1
(iv) Usambamba — urudiaji wa miundo sawa ya sentensi/vishazi/virai. Kwa mfano:
(i) Leo sumu au spaki
Leo kamba au bunduki (ubeti 2)
(ii) Tuliofungwa vifungoni, duniani Tuliosukumwa kingoni, maishani Umuhimu
i) Kuonyesha mtazamo wa nafsineni kuhusu masuala anayoibua; anayokashifu.
ii) Kuchimuza toni ya shairi — chuki, masikitiko
Aina — alama 1
Umuhimu — alama 1
Aina zozote 2 x2
(c) (i) Tasfida
(i) Choo badala ya mavi. (Ubeti 4)
(ii) Kinyesini badala ya kwenye mavi (Ubeti 6) 1 x 1 = 1
(ii) Kinaya
1. Ni kinaya kwamba vijana mitaani wanaokota chakula mapipani ili kuulinda uhai wao lakini vyakula hivî vina vijasumu ambavyo vinawaua polepole bila wao kujua. (ubeti 3)
2. Nchi yaendelea huku ikiwaua watu polepole (Ubeti wa 6).
iii) Tashibisi — maendeleo yaendelee kwenda njiani huku yakitema machicha ya roho zetu (Ubeti wa 6). 1 x 1 = 1
(d) Kufinyanga sarufi/ Kubananga lugha — nyingi hofu, badala ya hofu nyingi. Imetumiwa ili kuleta urari wa vina. 1 x 2 = 2
Kutaja– alama 1, mfano- alama 1
(e) Nimeyaandika (maneno haya) kwa niaba ya (kuwatetea/kuonyesha dhiki za) wengi ambao wanauawa bila sababu (haki/kosa) kila wiki, kwa kutumia sumu, spaki, kamba au bunduki. Nimeandika pia Kwa niaba ya wale wanaosubiri kunyongwa. 2 x 1
Wanaouawa bila haki — 1
Wanaosubiri kunyongwa — 1
(f) Nafsineni ni mtetezi wa haki / mtu ambaye amechukizwa na hali ya maisha ya wanyonge na kujitolea kulalamika kwa niaba yao. Mfano. Ninaandika kwa niaba ya …..
Maelezo — alama 1
Mfano — alama 1
2. a) (i) Hii ni kauli/tahakiki/maelezo kwenye blabu ya Kidagaa Kimemwozea, riwaya ambayo iliandikwa na Amani. Au:
Ni tahakiki ya mhariri/ınsomaji wa mswada, ambayo imeandikwa kwenye blabu ya riwaya ya Kidagaa Kimemwozea iliyoandikwa na Amani. Au:
Ni kauli ya Msimu1izi/ Mwandishi inayotokea katika riwaya ya Kidagaa xfmemwozea ambayo iliandikwa na Amani.
(ii) Imani amemwazimia Amani riwaya hii miongoni mwa vitabu vingine, kutoka kwa Mwalimu Majisifu.
(iii) Majisifu alikuwa ameiba mswada wa riwaya hii na kuuchapîsha mama wake.
(iv) Amani anaisoma riwaya hii akiwa kwa Majisifu anapouguziwa na Imani.
(v) Amani anagundua na kuthibitisha kwamba riwaya ni yake. Hata hivyo moyo wake una utulivu unaomtisha.
(Vl)Anamwandikia Imani ujumbe mfiıpi kumjuza kuhusu wizi huu. 4 x 1 = 4
Tanbihi
i) Dondoo limetolewa uk. 140.
ii) Matahiniwa sharti aonyeshe: Msemaji, kauli inatokea wapi kitabuni? Kuhusu nini? Lini? Yanayotokea baadaye.
b) Maana ya ndoto kuwa jinamizi.
Majibu ya mtahiniwa yanaweza kudhihirisha hali kama vile:
(i) Mhusika kutofaidika na malengo ya baada ya uhuru
(ii) Mhusika kutenda kinyume na matarajio ya jamii/kutotekeleza wajibu wake, hivyo kuwahasiri wengine
Mhusika kuwatesa wanyonge licha ya uhuru Mhusika kuteseka pamoja na kwamba uhuru umefikiwa Mhusika kuwanyima wengine uhuru wao wa kibinafsi
(I) Majisifu
(i) Uhuru haujambadilisha Majisifu. Licha ya kuwa msomi, anashindwa kuudhibiti uraibu wake wa pombe. Analewa hadi analala kwenye ınitaro. Hata Nasaba Bora anasema anautukanisha ukoo wao.
(ii) Anausaliti wajibu wake kama mwalimu kwa kutohudhuria madarasa kikaida. Hajahudhuria madarasa kwa takriban muhula mzima. Anaathiri maendeleo ya wanafiınzi wake katika elimu.
Hata mpwa walce Mashaka anamkumbusha ahudhurie madarasa/ Anaendeleza uzembe ha kutohudhuria kazi.
(iii) Ni miongoni mwa Waafrika waliopata vyeo na kuendelea kuiibia serikali saa za kazi. Mahudhurio yake mabaya kazini yanqamsababishia kufutwa.
Anaendeleza wizi wa kitaaluma kwa kumwibia Amani mswada.
Hii ni sura ya unyonyaji ambao uliendelezwa pia na Wazungu.
Anaendeleza aina fulani ya ubaguzi — unasaba. Akiwa mhariri wa gazeti la Tomoko Leo anahakikisha kwamba jina la Nasaba Bora linatokea kila mara.
Anaendeleza unyonyaji/dhuluma kwa wafanyakazi kwa kumlipa Imani mshahara mdogo licha ya kwamba anamfanyiza kazi nyingi ya kuwalea watoto wake vilema.
Pamoja na kisomo chake, anawadhalilisha watoto wake kwa kuwaita mashata. Anasaliti mojawapo ya malengo ya baada — uhuru; kupigana na ujinga.
Anapuuza haja ya kuwapeleka watoto wake wenye ınahitaji maalum kwenye shule maalum.
Anashindwa kuheshimu thamani za kitaifa, Anashindwa kuendeleza maadili ya kidini ambayo alirithishwa na baba yake.
Anaiona dini kama kasumba inayolevya. Licha ya kwamba alitumwa ng’ambo kusomea dini, alighalri nia na kusomea digrii mbili.
Hata hana muamana na ndugu yake.
Anaudhalilisha usomi kwa kushindwa kuumudu mjadala wa kiusomi huko chuoni Wangwani. Anakosa kujiandalia mhadhara wake na kuishia kujiumbua. anaposhindwa kujibu maswali ya kimsingi. Haelekei hata kujua hali katika mataifa yanayoizunguka jamii yake.
Anaendeleza ajira ya watoto kwa kumwajiri Iınani, msichana mdogo.
Badala ya kupigania usawa, anaendeleza ubaguzi wa kijinsia.
Anakataa kumsaidîa mkewe kuwatunza wanao huku akishangaa iwapo alioa mume mwenzake.
Anasema hakuna haja ya kuwasomesha wasichana dhaifu masomoni ambao kazi yao ni kutoroka shuleni kuwatembelea wapenzi wao.
Pamoja na kisomo chake, anamlaumu mkewe kwa kumzalia vilema. Anamtenga na kumnyima haki yake ya unyumba kwa miaka kumi na mitano.
Anawaumbua wanafunzi wake kwa kuwakosoa ovyo ovyo hadharani kila anapodhanl kwamba wamefanya kosa la kisarufi.
Hii ni njia moja ya kufifilisha uhuru wa kifıkra. Anaisaliti misheni iliyoyadhamini masomo yake ya ukasisi ng’ambo. Anapofıka huko anasomea digrii katika vyuo visivyosifıka (uk. 27).
Anayasaliti mashirika ya ucha lshaji. Anapopewa miswada kupitia, anakataa baadhi na baadaye kuisarifu kuwa yake (uk. 139).
Ni miongoni mwa wahariri ambao wanachapisha miswada ya waandishi wanaojikomba kwao, hivyo kuyafanya mashirika haya kuchapisha kazi duni. Hata anajutia haya (uk 138).
Anampagaza mkewe dhiki ya kîsaikolojia kwa kulazimika kuuvumilia ulevi wake.
(xvii) Majisifu ana vifaa vya kisasa lakini ni kana kwamba hana uhuru wa kuvitumia. Anadhalilisha taaluma na hadhi yake kwa kulewa pombe haramu vibandani llcha ya jokofu lake kujaa vinywaji vya kisasa. (uk.29)
Yeye ni kiongozi wa umma lakini anaendeleza uvunjaji wa sheria kwa kulewa pombe haramu.
Hampi mkewe uhuru wa kujieleza. Anapomwambia amsaidie anamtusi. 8 x 1 = 8
Fao
(i) Anaendeleza upujufu wa thaınani ya mtihani kwa kukubali kufanyiwa mtihani wa shule ya msingi na ya upili.
(ii) Anaendeleza unyanyasaji wa kijinsia. Anahusiana kimapenzi na mwanafunzi wake badala ya kumwelekeza.
Anausaliti wadhifa wake wa ualimu kwa kuhusiana kimapenzi na mwanafunzi wake. Anamtunga mimba mwanafunzi wake na kumkosesha heshima.
(v) Ni miongoni mwa raia wanaodhulumu wanyonge haki ya kielemu. Japo wazazi wake wanajipata, wanampeleka ng’ambo kwa pesa zilizodhamiriwa elimu ya maskini.
(vi) Anaendeleza ukiukaji wa haki za watoto. Anakwenda ng’ambo na kumwacha mwanawe kulelewa na mama yake, pamoja na dada yake.
(iii) Wahudumu katika zahanati ya Nasaba Bora
(i) Wahudumu wa kike wanaiba saa za kazi. Wanafuma fulana badala ya kuwahudumia wagonjwa: Amani na Imani. Wanasema kuwa ni sikukuu.
(ii) Badala ya kumtibu Uhuru, wanawahukumu Amani na Imani. Wanamwambia Imani kuwa amekuwa mzazi akiwa mchanga.
(iii) Wanaendeleza unyanyasaji wa kihisia. Wanawasimanga Amani na Imani; wanawaambia kuwa walifikiri kuwa kulea si kazi, ingawa hata hawajahakikisha kuwa huyu ni mtoto wao. (uk 76-77) Hii ni njia ya kuwadhalilisha.
(iv) Wahudumu wa hospitali ya Nasaba Bora hawaushughulikii usalama wa wagonjwa. DI anatoroka hospitali, na hakuna anayejua alipo. Hakuna aliyetaka kumwambia Amani alipo DJ.
(v) Wahudumu hawawahakikishii raia huduma bora za afya. DJ anapoona hapati matibabu mwafaka anaenda kwa rafiki yake mchunga anayemtibu kwa dawa za kienyeji.
3. (a) Swali hili linaangazia suala la uongozi. Mtahiniwa adhihirishe kwamba:
(i) Uongozi wa nchi za Kiafrika hauendeshwi na Waafrika peke yao.
(ii) Mkoloni hajaondoka kabisa, bado athari zake zimo. / Japo inkoloni ameondoka, Waafrika wanaendeleza tabia zake. Mbeberu anamtawala Mwafrika kwa mbali; kisiasa, kiuchumi na kijamii.
Mifano
(i) Waafrika wanarithi mashamba na makasri (rasilimali) yaliyomilikiwa na Wazungu. Kasri la Majununi lilikuwa milki ya Chichiri Hamadi, Mtemi Nasaba Bora akamuua na kulinyakua.
(ii) Wazungu wameacha taathira kubwa kuhusu utambulisho wao. Sehemu mbalimbali bado zinarejelewa kwa majina ya Wazungu: Kwa mfano: Kasri la Majununi (Mayor Noon).
(iii) Waafrika walirithi elimu ya kigeni. Nasaba Bora na Majisifu walisomeshwa na Misheni.
(iv) Waafrika walirithi vyeo vya Wazungu na kuendesha shughuli kama wao. Nasaba Bora anafanya kazi katika Wizara ya Ardhi na Makao mara tu baada ya kuondoka kwa Mzungu.
(v) Viongozi kama vile Nasaba Bora walirithi tabia ya Wazungu. Anatawala kiimla kiasi kwamba watu hata wanaogopa kuwa na woga (uk. 14). Tunaambiwa kuwa kila mtu alihitaji kutambua Nasaba Bora ni Mtemi aliyepaswa kurambwa miguu ikibidi. Nasaba Bora alirithi matusi kutoka kwa Bwana wake mzungu (uk. 14)
(iv)Anaendeleza wizi wa kitaaluma kwa kumwibia Amani mswada. Hii ni sura ya unyonyaji ambao uliendelezwa pia na Wazungu.
(v)Anaendeleza aina fulani ya ubaguzi — unasaba. Akiwa mhariri wa gazeti la Tomoko Leo anahakikisha kwamba jina la Nasaba Bora linatokea kila mara.
(vii)Anaendeleza unyonyaji/dhuluma kwa wafanyakazi kwa kumlipa Imani mshahara mdogo licha ya kwamba anamfanyiza kazi nyingi ya kuwalea watoto wake vilema.
(viii)Pamoja na kisomo chake, anawadhalilisha watoto wake kwa kuwaita mashata. Anasaliti mojawapo ya malengo ya baada — uhuru; kupigana na ujinga. Anapuuza haja ya kuwapeleka watoto wake wenye ınahitaji maalum kwenye shule maalum.
(ix)Anashindwa kuheshimu thamani za kitaifa, Anashîndwa kuendeleza maadili ya kidini ambayo alirithishwa na baba yake. Anaiona dini kama kasumba inayolevya. Licha ya kwamba alitumwa ng’ambo kusomea dini, alighalri nia na kusomea digrii mbili. Hata hana muamana na ndugu yake.
(x) Anaudhalilisha usomi kwa kushindwa kuumudu mjadala wa kiusomi huko chuoni Wangwani. Anakosa kujiandalia mhadhara wake na kuishia kujiumbua. anaposhindwa kujibu maswali ya kimsingi. Haelekei hata kujua hali katika mataifa yanayoizunguka jamii yake.
(xi)Anaendeleza ajira ya watoto kwa kumwajiri Iınani, msichana mdogo.
(xii)Badala ya kupigania usawa, anaendeleza ubaguzi wa kijinsia. Anakataa kumsaidîa mkewe kuwatunza wanao huku akishangaa iwapo alioa mume mwenzake. Anasema hakuna haja ya kuwasomesha wasichana dhaifu masomoni ambao kazi yao ni kutoroka shuleni kuwatembelea wapenzi wao. (xiii) Pamoja na kisomo chake, anamlaumu mkewe kwa kumzalia vilema. Anamtenga na kumnyima haki yake ya unyumba kwa miaka kumi na mitano.
(xiv)Anawaumbua wanafunzi wake kwa kuwakosoa ovyo ovyo hadharani kila anapodhanl kwamba wamefanya kosa la kisarufi. Hii ni njia moja ya kufifilisha uhuru wa kifıkra. Anaisaliti misheni iliyoyadhamini masomo yake ya ukasisi ng’ambo. Anapofıka huko anasomea digrii katika vyuo visivyosifıka (uk. 27).
(xv) Anayasaliti mashirika ya ucha lshaji. Anapopewa miswada kupitia, anakataa baadhi na baadaye kuisarifu kuwa yake (uk. 139).
(xvi)Ni miongoni mwa wahariri ambao wanachapisha miswada ya waandishi wanaojikomba kwao, hivyo kuyafanya mashirika haya kuchapisha kazi duni. Hata anajutia haya (uk 138).
(xvii)Anampagaza mkewe dhiki ya kîsaikolojia kwa kulazimika kuuvumilia ulevi wake.
(xvii) Majisifu ana vifaa vya kisasa lakini ni kana kwamba hana uhuru wa kuvitumia. Anadhalilisha taaluma na hadhi yake kwa kulewa pombe haramu vibandani llcha ya jokofu lake kujaa vinywaji vya kisasa. (uk.29)
(xx) Yeye ni kiongozi wa umma lakini anaendeleza uvunjaji wa sheria kwa kulewa pombe haramu.
C) Fao Hampi mkewe uhuru wa kujieleza. Anapomwambia amsaidie anamtusi. 8 x 1 = 8
(i) Anaendeleza upujufu wa thaınani ya mtihani kwa kukubali kufanyiwa mtihani wa shule ya msingi na ya upili.
(ii) Anaendeleza unyanyasaji wa kijinsia. Anahusiana kimapenzi na mwanafunzi wake badala ya kumwelekeza.
Anausaliti wadhifa wake wa ualimu kwa kuhusiana kimapenzi na mwanafunzi wake. Anamtunga mimba mwanafunzi wake na kumkosesha heshima.
(v) Ni miongoni mwa raia wanaodhulumu wanyonge haki ya kielemu. Japo wazazi wake wanajipata, wanampeleka ng’ambo kwa pesa zilizodhamiriwa elimu ya maskini.
(vi) Anaendeleza ukiukaji wa haki za watoto. Anakwenda ng’ambo na kumwacha mwanawe kulelewa na mama yake, pamoja na dada yake. 4 x 1 = 4
(III) Wahudumu katika zahanati ya Nasaba Bora
(i) Wahudumu wa kike wanaiba saa za kazi. Wanafuma fulana badala ya kuwahudumia wagonjwa: Amani na Imani. Wanasema kuwa ni sikukuu.
(ii) Badala ya kumtibu Uhuru, wanawahukumu Amani na Imani. Wanamwambia Imani kuwa amekuwa mzazi akiwa mchanga.
(iii) Wanaendeleza unyanyasaji wa kihisia. Wanawasimanga Amani na Imani; wanawaambia kuwa walifikiri kuwa kulea si kazi, ingawa hata hawajahakikisha kuwa huyu ni mtoto wao. (uk 76-77) Hii ni njia ya kuwadhalilisha.
(iv) Wahudumu wa hospitali ya Nasaba Bora hawaushughulikii usalama wa wagonjwa. DI anatoroka hospitali, na hakuna anayejua alipo. Hakuna aliyetaka kumwambia Amani alipo DJ.
(v) Wahudumu hawawahakikishii raia huduma bora za afya. DJ anapoona hapati matibabu mwafaka anaenda kwa rafiki yake mchunga anayemtibu kwa dawa za kienyeji. 4 x 1 = 4
3. (a) Swali hili linaangazia suala la uongozi. Mtahiniwa adhihirishe kwamba:
(i) Uongozi wa nchi za Kiafrika hauendeshwi na Waafrika peke yao. (11) Mkoloni hajaondoka kabisa, bado athari zake zimo. / Japo inkoloni ameondoka, Waafrika wanaendeleza tabia zake. Mbeberu anamtawala Mwafrika kwa mbali; kisiasa, kiuchumi na kijamii.
Mifano
(i) Waafrika wanarithi mashamba na makasri (rasilimali) yaliyomilikiwa na Wazungu. Kasri la Majununi lilikuwa milki ya Chichiri Hamadi, Mtemi Nasaba Bora akamuua na kulinyakua.
(ii) Wazungu wameacha taathira kubwa kuhusu utambulisho wao. Sehemu mbalimbali bado zinarejelewa kwa majina ya Wazungu: Kwa mfano: Kasri la Majununi (Mayor Noon).
(iii) Waafrika walirithi elimu ya kigeni. Nasaba Bora na Majisifu walisomeshwa na Misheni.
(iv) Waafrika walirithi vyeo vya Wazungu na kuendesha shughuli kama wao. Nasaba Bora anafanya kazi katika Wizara ya Ardhi na Makao mara tu baada ya kuondoka kwa Mzungu.
(v) Viongozi kama vile Nasaba Bora walirithi tabia ya Wazungu. Anatawala kiimla kiasi kwamba watu hata wanaogopa kuwa na woga (uk. 14).
Tunaambiwa kuwa kila mtu alihitaji kutambua Nasaba Bora ni Mtemi aliyepaswa kurambwa miguu ikibidi. Nasaba Bora alirithi matusi kutoka kwa Bwana wake mzungu (uk. 14).
(vi)Waafrika wanaendeleza tamaa na ubinafsi wa Wazungu. Nasaba Bora ni miongoni mwa viongozi ambao wamekaa ange kuvuna matunda ya uhuru kwa mkono mrefu. Anajitengenezea faili iii kupata ardhi. (uk. 12)
(vii) Viongozi wa Kiafrika wanaendeleza ukatili wa Wazungu. Nasaba Bora anamuua Chichiri Hamadi ili kuipolca familia yake mali. Anawatuma askari kumpiga na kumuua mama Imani na baadaye kunyakua mali yake. Anampiga Amani.
(viii)Viongozi wa Klafrika wanadhibiti wapinzanl namna Wazungu w livyofanya. Matuko Weye anapompinga Mtemi hadharani anafungwa.
(ix) Waafrika wanarithi mfuıno wa kiuchumi wa Wazungu. Madhubuti anaposomea Urusi, anarudi na fikra za kimapinduzi.
(x) Waafrika bado wanawapeleka watoto wao kusomea ng’ambo, hivyo kuendelea kudumisha uhusiano na Wazungu. Mustaafa Saeed, Majisifu, Fao na hata Madhubuti wanasomea ng’ambo.
(xi) Utawala wa kimkoa au kijimbo unarithiwa kutoka kwa Wazungu. Kuna Mudir wa Wîlaya ambaye ni wa akraba ya Mtemi. Nasaba Bora anarithi Afisi ya Mtemi wa Sokomoko.
(xii) Unyanyasaji wa wafanyakazi. Nasaba Bora anawafuta wafanyakazi wake hata kwa ‘kosa’ la kunadhifisha Kasri Lake.
(xiii) Uhamaji wa wanataaluma kufanya kazi ng’ambo unaendeleza uhusiano kati ya Mwafrika na Mzungu. Chichiri Hamadi ni ınhadhiri katika Chuo Kikuu cha London.
Lugha inayotumiwa lcatilca shughuli rasmi inarithiwa kutoka kwa Mzungu. Hotuba ya lcisiasa ya Nasaba Bora inasomwa kwa Kizungu: “Ladies and gentlemen, fellow country men …”
Viongozi wa Kiafrika wana vikaragosi kama walivyokuwa Wazungu. Balozi ni kikaragosi cha Mtemi; anamsifu kiongozi huyo kiongo.
Vyombo vya dola vinatumiwa kuendeleza uongozi dhalimu namna Wazungu walivyofanya. Seli kwenye afisi ya Mtemi inatuıniwa kuwakandamiza Amani na Imani.
Dhiki katika vituo vya kurekebishia tabia. Benbella anasema kwamba kutokuwa na uhuru eva lcujua lolote linalotokea nje ya jela kulimkumbusha hakuna uhuru (uk. 80), hata baada ya Mzungu kuondoka. Aslcari wanawatesa Waafrika hata kuliko Wazungu walivyofanya. Matuko Weye analalaınikia hali hii.
Ubaguzi wa rangi unapisha ubaguzi wa kinasaba. Majisifu, pamoja na uzembe na ulevi wake, anapewa nyadhifa mbalimbali katika taasisi za umma kwa kuwa ana mazimwi yanayomjua.
Waafrika bado ni wafanyakazi na maskwota katika mashamba ambayo Waafrika wenzao walirithi lcwa Wazungu. DJ anafanya kazi kwa Maozi, Amani kwa Nasaba Bora, na Imani kwa Majisifu.
Waafrika wanaomiliki mali wanaendeleza unyonyaji wa wafanyakazi jinsi Mzungu alivyofanya.
Majisifu na Nasaba Bora wanawalipa wafanyakazi wao malipo duni. Wazungu wanaendelea kufadhili miradi ya kimaendeleo. Zahanati ya Nasaba Bora ilijengıva kwa msaada kutoka Uingereza. Hii ni njia mojawapo ya Mzungu kudhibiti uchuml wa nchi za Kiafrika.
Tanbihi
i) Dondoo limetolewa uk. 68.
ii) Mtahiniwa sharti afafanue kikamilifu ili atuzwe alama 1.
(b) (i) Raia wa Sokomoko wanadhibitiwa na mwiko kuhusu maji ya Mto Kiberenge kiasi kwamba hawafaldikl kwa mto huu. Imani ndiye anayeuvunja mwiko huu na rala kuanza kufaidika kwao. (ii)Raia wa Sokomoko wanahitaji hospitali. Hata hivyo, wanatumia ufadhili vibaya na kuishia kujenga zahanati tu.
(ii)Kutopata elimu kwa watoto kutoka jamii maskini kunapaliliwa zaidi na viongozi Waafrika wanaotumia pesa zilizotengewa ufadhili wa watoto hawa kuwasomesha wanao.
Nasaba Bora anamsomeshea mwanawe ng’ambo kwa pesa zilizotengewa waoto wa wanyonge.
(iii)Wasiehana kama vile Lowela wanajinyima nafasi ya kujiendeleza kimasomo. Anaachia shule kidato cha tatu kwa kufuatia anasa na Nasaba Bora.
(iv)Lowela anajidhalilisha kwa kuhusiana kimapenzi na mzee ambaye anaweza kuwa baba yake. Anaishia kuambulia uja uzltO na kujidunisha ziadi kwa kuifunga mimba isionekane.
(v)Hali duni ya maisha ya kitoto Uhuru na hatimaye kifo, inasababishwa na ulcosefu wa uwajibikaji wa Lowela ambaye anamwacha Nasaba Bora kukitupa kitoto mlangoni mwa Amani na kumpagaza ulezi.
(vi)Raia wa Sokomoko wanamruhusu Nasaba Bora kuendelea kuwanyanyasa. Ingawa wananung’unikia unyanyasaji wa Mtemi hawasemi, wanaogopa.
Tunaambiwa kwamba kwa kila mtawala katili kuna umma uliomruhusu au kumpa uwezo wa kutekeleza ukatili.
(vii)Wanafunzi wenr.ake Amani wanamsingizia uchochezi, kumkatizia masomo na kumsababishia kifungo.
(viii)Askari wanatumiwa na viongozi kuwadhuluhumu wanyonge wenzao.
Wanatumwa na Mtemi kuchoma nyumba ya kina Imani na kuwapokonya shamba lao.
(ix)Askari, badala ya kulinda usalama wa wanyonge wenzao, wanawapiga.
Wanampiga na kumuua mama linani. Askari kwenye seli wanamsukuma Matuko Weye, wanawapiga Amani na Imani.
(x)Oscar Kambona baada ya kifo cha mama yake anaondoka nyumbani badala ya kumsaidia Imani kukabiliana na ukiwa. Imani anazidiwa na ukiwa hadi anataka kujiua.
(xi)Badala ya kubuni mikakati mwafaka ya kukabiliana na kuondokewa na mama na kunyang’anywa mali yao, Oscar anakuwa mraibu wa bangi, anapatikana na bangi na kuishia kufungwa.
(xii)Wanakijiji cha Baraka, badala ya kumtetea Imani anaponusurika kuchomekea nyumbani, wanaogopa kuwapinga askari, wanajishughulisha na yao tu. (Imani anasema kwamba kimya cha wanyonge ndicho klmkeracho; wanakubali kutazama tu wenzao wakinyongwa hivi hivi (uk. 58).
(xiii)Ubinafsi wa baadhi ya wanyonge unawafanya wenzao kuteseka. Balozi, kwa kutaka kufaidlka kwa Mtemi, ana mazoea ya kusema mambo yanayotakiwa badala ya kukosoa. (uk. 67).
(xiv)Anatahadhari asiukate mkono unaomlisha. AnamSlfu Mtemi kiongo na kupalilia zaidi unyanyasaji wa wanyonge wenzake.
(xv)Benbella anajidhalilisha kwa uraibu wake wa bangi na ulofa. Anaishia kuwa jambazi sugu wa jela. Analalamikia mazingira du111 huko jela (uk. 80).
(xvi)Majisifu anajidhalilisha zaidi kwa kushindwa kuudhibiti uraibu wake wa ulevi.
Japo (xvii)Majisifu anajua kwamba ni mnyonge kiusomi, anakosa kujitayarishia mhadhara wake na kuishia kujidhalilisha zaidi kule Wangwani.
(xviii) Majisifu na mkewe wanazidisha hali ya kusikitisha kwa watoto wao kwa kuwafungia chumbani. Majisifiı, hapo awali anawaita wanawe mashata.
(xxi) Kutalikiwa kwa Zuhura kunatokana na tendo la kumwîta Amani chumbani. Nasaba Bora anajisababishia kifo cha aibu (kujiua) kwa kushindwa kudhibiti hisia za kuvunjikiwa baada ya kuungama makosa yake. Anazîkwa mazishi ya kudhalilisha.
Tanbihi
Amani anajisababaishia kipîgo cha Nasaba Bora kwa kupuuza nia ya Zuhura na kufiımaniwa chumbani na Nasaba Bora.
Mnyonge anaweza kuwa:
i) Maskini/ Mtu wa tabaka la chini
ii) Mtu wa cheo cha chini
iii) Mtu aliye chini ya mamlaka ya mwingine kama vile mke kuwa chini ya mume
iv) Mtu mwenye kitembo cha chini cha elimu
v) Mtu aliyepungukiwa na tajiriba
vi) Mtu mwenye kukumbwa na changamoto/ udhaifu/ ulemavu
Vll) Mhitaji
4. (a) (i) Haya ni maneno ya Majoka.
(ii) Yanasomwa na mtangazaji wa habari/Mjumbe.
(iii)Yamerekodiwa.
(iv) Sudi, Kombe na Boza wanaisikiliza habari hii kutoka kwenye redio ya rununu ya Sudi. (v) Wamo kwenye karakana yao katika Soko la Chapakazi.
Tanbihi
Dondoo limetolewa uk. 5.
(b) Mtahiniwa aonyeshe kwamba Mwafrika bado anatawaliwa kikoloni; aonyeshe udhalimu unaoendelezwa na uongozi wa Majoka/ jamii ya Sagamoyo. Baadhi ya hoja ni:
i) Wanyonge wanalipa kodi na hali soko halisafishwi.
ii) Unyakuzi wa mali ya umma. Sudi anasema kwamba wamepokwa kilicho chao.
iii) Ubaguzi — kandarasi kutolewa kwa vikaragosi. Asiya anapewa kandarasi ya kuoka keki kwa vile Boza ni kikaragosi wa Majoka.
iv) Matumizi mabaya ya pesa za umma. Pesa kutumiwa kukichonga kinyago cha Majoka.
v) Kupigwa —Ashua anapigwa gerezani, Tunu analemazwa.
vi) Mauaj3 — Jabali anauawa.
vii) Unyanyasaji wa kijinsia — Majoka kumdhalilisha mkewe mbele ya Ashua, anasema mwanamke ni mwanamke.
viii) Matumizi mabaya ya vyombo vya dola- Polisi kuwatawanya waandamanaji.
(ix) Wafanyakazi katika kampuni ya Majoka kutokuwa na bima Soko kufungwa bila kuwazia hali a misha ya wanyonge. (x) Uharibifu wa mali ya umma.Vibanda vya wauzaji kubomolewa.
(xi) Uharibifu wa mazingira — majitaka kuelekezwa wanakofanyia kazi wanyonge Unyonyaji- kupandishwa kwa bei ya bidhaa katika kioski cha kampuni.
(xii) Ukosefu wa ajira/ Kutobuni nafasi za kazi. Sudi na Ashua wanalazimika kufanya kazi za kujidhalilisha na hali wamehitimu shahada.
(xiii) Kuwapitisha wanyonge kwenye dhiki ya kisaikolojia. Majoka anamsimanga Ashua anapokwenda kumwomba usaidizi.
(xiv)Majoka kuwaangamiza wanafunzi kwenye academy yake — wanaishia kuwa makabeji kwa kudungana dawa
(xv) Ukosefu wa uwajibikaji. Majoka kutotimiza majukumu yake ya unyumba. Haonekani nyumbani kwake
(xvi) Majoka kumwita Ashua afisini ili amfuinanishe na mkewe Kuwaangamiza wapinzani. Majoka kumfungia Ashua kwa kisingizio cha kuzua vurugu kwenye afisi ya umma. Anataka kumwadhibu Sudi kwa kukataa kuchonga kinyago chake.
(xvii) Kuwanyima wanyonge haki ya kuandamana. Wanatangaza kuwa maandamano ni haramu. Mbinu hasi za utawala, hila, propaganda, hongo. ..
(xviii) Ubaguzi- vituo vya kurekebishia tabia kuwa na seli spesheli kama vile ya mke wa Majoka na Ashua
(xix)Uongozi kutowahakikishia raia huduma za kimsingi kama vile maji ilhali kwa viongozi kuna visima.
(xx)Serikali kuidhlnisha uuzaji wa pombe haramu. Mamapima anasema amepewa kibali na serikali.
(xxi) Viongozi wanaendeleza wizi wa mali ya umma. Uongozi kugawia vikaragosi ardhi. Kenga amegawiwa kiwanja.
Viongozi kuwazamisha vijana zaidi katlka matumizi mabaya ya vileo. Wanapitia kwa Mamapima kuwafanikishia ulevi; vijana wanapewa shibe yao.
Badala ya wanyonge kuungana na Sudi na Tunu kupigania haki zao, wanafanikisha njama za kidhalimu za Majoka. Nguiumo anatumwa na Majoka kumpiga Tunu.
Anasema kwamba hawezi kumpa mwanamke kura, heri ampe paka.
5. (a)Ni maneno ya Ashua kwa Majoka.
Umuhimu wa Ashua
(i) Kuonyesha matatizo yanayowapata vijana. Ana shahada lakini anafanya kazi ya uchuuzi Yeye na mumewe wanashindwa hata kuwapa staftahi wanao.
(i) Kupitia kwake tunaona unyanyasaji wa kijinsia. Majoka anataka kuhusiana naye kimapenzi na hali ana mke.
(iii) Anaonyesha udhalimu unaoendelezwa na vituo vya kurekebishia tabia. Anapigwa na askari.
(iv)Anaendeleza maudhui ya ndoa na mapenzi. Anamwambia Sudi kuwa anahitaji matunzo. Anamwomba Sudi talaka.
(v)Anachimuza tabla ya Husda. Anasema Husda ni msengenyaji. Kujenga tabia ya wahusika. Anaonyesha ukatili wa Kenga. Kenga anamshauri Majoka amwite Ashua afısini na kumfumanisha na mkewe ili alipize kisasi kwa Sudi.
(vii)Kuendeleza maudhui ya utetezi wa haki. Anaungana na kina Tunu kumwondoa Majoka mamlakani.
(viii)Kupitia kwake tunaona uhafidhina wa Wanasagamoyo. Anaamini kwamba Tunu ni mpenzi wa Sudi kwa vile wanaandamana kupîgania haki.
(ix) Anaendeleza maudhui ya uplganiaji haki Anamwambia Majoka kwamba kuwabomolea vibanda na kujenga hoteli ya kifahari ni lmyazika matumaini yao.
(x) Anahimiza uwajibikaji. Anamwendea Majoka kumwomba msaada ili kuwalisha wanawe.
(xi) Kuendeleza ploti. Kufungiwa kwake na Majoka kunabadilisha mkondo wa hadithi/ kunabainisha migogoro mipya, kama vile mgogoro kati yake na Husda.
Tanbihi
i) Dondoo limetolewa uk. 25.
ii) Sharti mtahiniwa abainishe kwamba anamrejelea Ashua.
(i) Kuyachafua mazingira — majitaka kuelekezwa wanapofanyia kazi wanyonge.
(ii) Kusherehekea mwezi mzima badala ya kufanya kazi (uk.5).
(iii) Kupujia thamani ya elimu/ Kutobuni nafasi za kazi — vijana wanahitimu chuoni na kufanya kazi za kudhalilisha kama vile uchongaji vinyago.
(iv) Wanyonge kufûngiwa soko
(v) Maandamano kukabiliwa kikatili; polisi kuwatawanya
(vi) Kutokuwa na bima kwa wafanyakazi
(vii) Ktendleza ubaguzi .Watu kutopata nafasi ya uongozi iwapo hawatokani na ukoo wa uongozi. Majoka kutaka kumrithisha mwanawe uongozi bila kujali wengine
(viii) Mwanamke kutopewa nafasi ya uongozi. Majoka anampinga Tunu, Ngurumo anakerwa na wazo la kuwa na kiongozi mwanamke.
(ix) Unyanyasaji wa kijinsia Majoka kumdharau mke wake, anafumanisha na Ashua. Anamdhalilisha mbele ya Ashua. Anasema mwanamke ni mwanamke.
(x) Kuwaangamiza wapiganiajî haki. Jabali anauawa.
(xi) Dhiki ya kisakolojia — Majoka kumwachla mkewe upweke; hakai nymbani.
(xii) Majoka kushlndwa kuidhibiti himaya yake. Ni kiongozi na hali hajashika usukani (uk. xiii).
(xiii) Majoka kuvipagaza vizazi vya kesho deni kutoka kwa wafadhili. Anatumia msaada kwa shughuli zisizo na msingi kama vile kuchonga sanamu yake.Kenga anasema wafadhili wamewapa miaka mia moja kulipa (uk.11).
Kuwatelekezea raia/vijana kwenye matumizi mabaya ya vileo. Shuleni vijana wanadungana dawa, wamegeuzwa makabeji.
(xv) Kuwapiga na kuwaumiza wapigania haki, kwa mfano Tunu.
(xvi) Kuongeza mshahara na hapo hapo kuongeza kodi.
(xvii) Kupandisha bei ya chakula katika kîoski cha kampuni.
(xviii) Wanasagamoyo kulipa kodi na hali soko halisafishwi.
(xix) Kufungw’a — Ashua anafungwa kwa kisİngizio cha kuzua vurugu kwenye afisi ya umma.
(xx) Wanyonge kııhangaishwa watoe hongo ( uk.2)
(xxi) Kuwarithisha raia mbinu hasi za uongozi, kama vile matumizi ya hongo (Majoka kugawia Kenga ardhi), na propaganda, k.m Twajivunia Saga jimbo tukufu. .. (uk.5)
6. (a) Haya ni maneno ya mwandishi/Msimulizi. Yanamhusu Mzee Mago.
(iii) Mandhari ya hadithi ni hotelini mwa Mzee Mago.
(iv) Awali Msimulizi amesema kwamba mambo mengi mazito husahaulika haraka; kwamba binadamu ameumbwa na sahau.
(v) Watu wa jiji hili wamefunikwa na bawa linalowafanya wasisahau balaa haraka, hatimaye kila mtu hushughulika na lake. Hata hivyo Mzee Mago hairuhusu akili yake kusahau./ Japo watu hujishughulisha na mambo, wakasahau wengine, Mzee Mago hana mazoea ya kusahau.
Tanbihi — Dondoo limetolewa uk.2. 4 x 1 = 4
(i) Tashhisi — sahau kupewa uwezo wa kuketi na kutawala
(ii) Sitiari — moto — matatizo, hali mbaya ;Kovu — maumivu
(iii) Swali la balagha — Angepoaje na ule moto. ..?
(i) Mzee Mago ni mwenye msimamo imara — kutotaka kusahau kama wengine.
(ii) Anayejali masilahi ya jamii yake. Anaacha mkahawa wake kuendeshwa na nduguye iii kutetea haki.
(iii) Mtetezi wa haki — kwenda huku na kule kuzuia kubatilishwa kwa haki.
(iv) Mwenye hekima. Anawashawishi watu waishi kwa amani, na kuhusu namna ya kuepuka vitego vya kisheria.
(v) Mzindushi. Anawaleta watu pamoja kukumbushana kuhusu maendeleo yaliyofıkiwa.
(vi) Msema kweli. Hajui kusahau wala kunyamaza. Analiambia jitu kuwa fujo hazitawahamisha.
(vii) Jasiri — analiambia lile jitu kwamba fujo hazitawahamisha.
(viii) Mpanga mikakati. Anapanga njia za kupinga kuhamishwa kwao na kubomolewa kwa vibanda vyao.
(ix) Ni mzalendo. Anajitolea kuitumikia jamii yake licha ya vitisho vya wakubwa/lile 5 x 1 = 5
(d) Matatizo ya wakazi wa Madongoporomoka yajitokeze; ndiko kulipukiwa.
(i) Hali duni ya maisha — kuishi kwa kutegemea misaada/ kuishi vibandani
(ii) Uharibifu wa mazingira — majitaka kwenye mitaro
(iii) Ardhi yao kunyakuliwa ili mji upanuliwe
(iv) Kubomolewa kwa vibanda
(v) Kunyanyaswa — kutoruhusiwa kusema
(vi)Malilio yao kupuuzwa — hawasikilizwi na viongozi Vizingiti vya kisheria. Sheria kuwazuia kupata haki Kuwepo kwa mawakili wasioaminika
(vii)Kupigwa na askari
(viii)Kuhangaishwa badala ya kuhakikishiwa usalama Kudharauliwa na lile jitu — Mzee Mago anadharauliwa. Jitu kula chakula chote; wateja kukosa chakula
(ix)Msongamano mjini; ndicho kisingzio cha kubomolewa kwa vibanda vya wanyonge Wanyonge kupewa fidia ndogo( uk 5)
(x)Ukosefu wa uwajibikaji( kufurahia uozo)/ mpango wa kubomoa vibanda Vitisho/ kujazwa woga- jitu kumwambia Mzee Mago kwamba litarudi pale hotelini, liwekewe chakula maradufu. .. 8 x 1 = 8
Hoja ifafanuliwe ili atuzwe alama 1.
7.Mtahiniwa aonyeshe mgawanyilco katika makundi kiuchumi na kijamii/tofauti za kiuchumi na za kijamii.
ii) Mapambano kati ya makundi haya kwa nia ya kumiliki rasilimalî yanaweza kujitokeza. iii) Mbinu za kujihifadhi katika tabaka la juu zinaweza kujadiliwa.
iv) Harakati za mnyonge za kujitetea kutokana na tabaka la juu zaweza pia kubainishwa.
Mkubwa
Baadhi ya hoja:
(i) Mazingira wanamoishi wanyonge ni duni. Mkubwa anaishi katika mtaa wa Madongoporomoka.
(ii) Mkubwa anapotajirika anahamia mtaa wa kifahari kinyume na hapo awali ambapo alikuwa hata hapati chakula kikaida( uk 147)
(iii) BiaShara wafanyazo watu wa tabaka la chini ni za kipato kidogo, Mkubwa anauza pweza.
(iv) Kijana mwenzake anamwambia walio na pesa ni viongozi wafanyao biashara ya kuuza unga.
(v) Mbinu za kiuchumi za kujidumisha kwenye tabaka la juu- Watu wa tabaka la juu wanatajirika kwa biashara haramu, wanauza “unga”.
(vi) Wanyonge wanamiliki vifaa duni. Mkubwa ana mwavuli duni.
(vii) Watu wa tabaka la juu ni wenye ubinafsi, Mkubwa anamtoa Mkumbukwa ndani na hali wenzake wanabaki pale. Anajiendeleza kiuchumi huku akikiangamiza kizazi cha vijana. Ubaguzi upande wa sheria. Watu wa tabaka la juu hawakamatwi; wa chini ndio wanaokamatwa na kutiwa ndani.
(viii) Mkumbukwa anatiwa ndani na hali dawa za kulevya ni za Mkubwa. Mkumbukwa anatolewa kizuizini na kuwaacha wenzake humo kwa vile yeye anamfanyia kazi Mkubwa.
(ix) Wanyonge wanarithi mabaki/makombo ya matajiri. Mkumbukwa anashiriki mlo na Mkubwa japo sasa anauona mchungu.
(x) Watu wa tabaka la juu kutumia nafasi yao vibaya. Wanapewa cheti/ hifadhi ya kidiplomasia na kuitumia kuendeleza biashara haramu.
(xi) Tabaka la juu kutumia vyombo vya dola kujidumisha mamlakani. Mkubwa anatumia polisi kujihifadhi.Anarudishiwa shehena yake.
(xii) Unyanyasaji wa wanyonge. Wao ndio wanaofanya kazi ngumu. Mkumbukwa ndiye anayefanya kazi ngumu ya kusambaza unga huku Mkubwa anauingiza tu unga huu.
(xiii) Matajiri kumiliki vifaa vya kifahari. Mkubwa anapotajirika ananunua magari ya kifahari. Awali hakuwa anatambulika
(ix) Matajiri kuwa na wafanyakazi, maskini hawana. Mkubwa ana wafanyakazi. Mkumbukwa anachukuliwa na gari la kifahari la Mkubwa. Yeye na Mkubwa wanapewa chakula na mtumishi.
(x) Kuna tabaka la wasomi na la wasiosoma kama vile Mkubwa. Wasomi wanawaringia wasiosoma. Mkubwa anamshinda mpinzani wake wa kisiasa ambaye ni Profesa.
Tabaka la chini kuzinduka na kutetea haki/ kujinasua kwa dhuluima ya tabala la juu. Mkumbukwa anamkabili Mkubwa na kumwambia ukweli kuhusu biashara yake haramu. Anaondoka kwa Mkubwa. 12 x 1 = 12
Kidege
(i)Sitiari ya Chiriku- Msimulizi anasema kwamba ndege huyu ni wa tabaka la chini kuweza kuwafungisha Joy na Achesa ndoa, akilinganishwa na tai.
(ii)Kuna tabaka la wajengao vyoo na wajengao kasri(uk.86). Midege ni kama watu wenye nguvu wanaojenga kasri (uk 90).
(iii)Utabaka kusababisha wanyonge kuwategemea wenye nguvu- sitiari ya Mose kuwalisha samaki na ndege (uk 88-89).
(iv)Wenye nguvu kuwadhulumu wanyonge- midege mlkubwa kufa chakula cha videge vidogo (uk. 89).
(v)Watu wa tabaka la juu kujidumisha hapo kwa kujijengea kasri ili kujilinda ( uk 90) Tabaka la chini kuchoshwa na dhuluma na kujitetea. Visamaki vinajitetea vikiwa kidimbwini. (vii)Vinajibanza katikati ya vidimbwi.( uk. 93)
(viii)Mapambano kati a tabaka la juu na la chini. Tabaka la chini kushirikiana ili kuliondoa mamlakani tabaka la juu. Msimulizi anasema Mose alishuhudia nguvu mara mbili: ya visivyo na nguvu na vilivyo na nguvu, zikishindana (uk. 94).
(ix)Tabaka la chinî kustarehe mahali ambapo hapana gharama- visamaki vidimbwini. Walio na fedha kwenda kwenye bustani.
(x)Ubinafsi wa wakubw—amadege kufikiria maslahi yao
(xi)Tabaka la juu kujidumisha mamlakani kwa kuliangamiza la chini. Midege kuvivamia visamaki na kuvila( uk 92)
(xii)Wanyonge kutoweza kujinasua na tabala la juu kwa kutokuwa na nguvu. Mose anashangaa nani atamwokoa mwenzake; yeye na kidege chake, kwani hakuna aliye na uwezo kati yao ( uk 92).
(xiii)Tabaka la juu kuandamwa na tamaa. Midege kwenye bustani inabeba matonge ya visamaki na kujilia ( uk. 93). Midege inanyang’anyana( uk 93)
(xv)Tabala la juu kutumia mbinu hasi kujidumisha mamlakani. Midege inaharibu mazingira katika harakati ya kunyang’anyana. 8x 1 = 8
(a) (i) Mbolezi
(ii) Mifano:
I. Unazungumzia klfo — kuondokewa, likabwakura rohoyo
II. Kutaja malaika wa kifo — Izraili
III. Kutaja kaburi
IV. Matumizi ya neno, “Buriani”
V. Matumizi ya ,’ kufunikwa kwa udongo’
VI. Toni ya huzuni- nafsineni inajiaminisha kwamba haijafiwa.
(iii) Baba/mzazi wa kiume/mzazi/ mlezi – wimbo unamrejelea nafsineni kama jabali maishani mwake. Anayezungumziwa na nafsineni anajiita jogoo. Mzungumziwa anamwita nafsineni, ‘mwana’/ nafsineni inahuzunika kwamba itavikwa suti na mwosha. l x 1 = 1
Kutaja- alama 1
Mfano- alama 1
(a) Ukosefu wa usalama/vita — kitali cha mialra minne
(b) Magonjwa — ndui na tetekuwanga
Kutaja – alama I
Mfano — alama 1
I. Ritifaa — nafsineni inazungumza moja kwa moja na mtu aliyekufa- Naliutazama mwilio mtukufu. 1×1=1
ii. Mbinu rejeshi — Ubeti wa 3 nafsineni inaturudisha nyuma kusimulia ndoto iliyobashiri kifo cha baba/ mzazi/ mlezi.
iii. Taashira — kuondoka kwa baba/ mzazi/mlezi ndotoni ni ishara ya kifo; anakuja kufa. 1 x1=1
(vi) Faida/ Sababu za kutumia mbinu ya kutazama na kushiriki.
(i) Mtafiti anapata habari za kutegemewa zaidi kwa vile hatazami na kusikiliza tu, bali pia anashiriki katika uwasilishaji wenyewe.
(ii) Anaweza kuuliza maswali hapohapo na kusaidiwa kutoa mahitimisho ya kuaminika.
(iii) Anaweza kupata baadhi ya sifa kama vile za kisauti ambazo hawezi kupata kupitia kwa mfano, hojaji.
(iv) Anaweza kunasa au kurekodi wimbo huo moja kwa moja, hivyo kuhifadhi sifa za kisauti hanna vile toni, kiimbo na mazaji.
(v) Ni njia moja ya kufidia wale wahojiwa ambao wana changamoto za kujieleza. Mtafiti anaweza kujichunguzia wimbo unapoimbwa na kujijibia maswali ya kiutafiti aliyotayarisha.
(vi) Anapata taathira ya moja kwa moja kuhusu wimbo husika; hivyo kuwa na uelewa zaidi wa mada anayotafitia. Anaweza hata kulinganisha uwasilishaji wa wimbo huu na nyiınbo za aina hii katika jamii yake.
(Vii) inaweza kutumia fursa hii kujenga uhusiano wa karibu na wahojiwa. Hili litamwezesha kupata habari za kutegemewa zaidi kwa utafiti huu na pengine nyingine za baadaye.
(viii) Anaweza hata kurekebisha maswali yake ya utafiti hapo hapo kulingana na mwongozo anaopewa na washiriki wenzake.
(ix) Uwasilishaji katika mazingira halisi huınpa picha kamili ya aina, sifa, na majukumu ya wimbo anaotafitia.
(x) Ni njia ya kukinga dhidi ya kupotea au kufısidiwa kwa data/ habari kwani anazikusanya papo hapo.
(xi) Hurahisisha uchanganuzi na ufasiri wa data hani anaweza kutumia teknolojia kunasa na kuondoa mategu kwenye data hii hapo hapo, hivyo kuokoa muda wa kuhakikisha kwamba maswali yote yamejibiwa kama ambavyo angefanya iwapo angetumia, kwa mfano, hojaji.
6 x 1 = 6
Ufafanuzi utolewe iIi kutuzwa alama 1.
(b) Hi kudumisha utanzu wa semi, jamii inaweza:
(i) Kuufanyia utafiti utanzu huu iii kwa mfano, kulinganisha methali za jamii moja na nyingine.
(ii) Kuzihifadhi semi kama vile vitendawili na mafiımbo kwenye vitabu na kanda za sauti.
(iii) Kuhimiza utendaji wake kupitia kwa mfano, uandaaji wa vikao vya kushindania utegaji na uteguaji wa vitendawili.
(iv) Kufundisha vipera vya utanzu huu kwa mtindo linganishl: kwa mfano, uwasilishaji wa vitendawili katika jamii mbalimbali.
(v) Kuzitumia katika uwasilishaji wa tanzu nyingine za Fasihi Simulizi. Kwa mfano, kutumia vitendawili katika uwasilishaji wa ngano, kikawa katika fomyula ya kumalizia. Kupitia vyombo vya habari. Kwa mfano, mafumbo yanaweza kuwasilishwa kupitia vyombo vya habari.
(vii) Kutumla vipera vyake katika mawasiliano ya kila siku. Kwa mfano, methali zinaweza kutumiwa katika vikao rasmi. Hii ni njia moja ya kuwahimiza wanajamii kuzifanyia utafiti ili kujua kwa mfano, muktadha ambamo zilitumika.
Kuzituınia kama nyenzo za kufunzia lugha. Kwa mfano, vitanza ndimi vinaweza kutumiwa katika matamshi. Chemsha bongo zinaweza kutumiwa kufunzia somo.
(ix) Kuwarithisha vijana. Kwa mfano kwa kuwahusisha katika utegaji na uteguaji wa vitendawili

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education Kiswahili
UFAHAMU (Alama 15)
Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali.
“Mabibi na mabwana, ndugu wapenzi, alianza Bi. Mkesha, “huu ni mwaka wa tano tangu tufanye uchaguzi mkuu uliowapa vigoda wenzetu hawa. Katika kipindi hiki kumetokea mengi ya kujipigia kidari, pametokea pia mengi, mengi mabaya ya kuitia jamii ya Tungama izara.
Tumejipa mkono wa tahania kwa uteuzi wetu mzuri. Vilevile tumejisuta kwa uteuzi usio wa kuridhisha. Ndugu wapenzi, sina haja ya kuwakumbusha yote ambayo tumepitia; mmeyashuhudia yote.
Ila ninayotaka kusema ni kwamba malengo yetu ya kuwateua viongozi yamesalitiwa. Ndugu zangu, itakumbukwa kwamba watangulizi wetu walianza safari ya kurejesha utu wa Mwafrika wakiwa na nia thabiti ya kuwabwaga maadui watatu wa maendeleo.
Je, mnawajua maadui hao? Ni ujinga, magonjwa na umaskini.
Waanzilishi wa taifa hili, pamoja na viongozi waliowafuata walipigania huduma za bure za afya, na elimu ya bure na ya lazima kwa wote. Vijana wetu walijitoma ugani kuzamia lulu ya elimu; wakaxidhihaki vitabu hadi kufikia kilelecha cha elimu.
La kusikitisha ni kwamba elimu hii imekuwa laana kwao. Mnajua kisa na maana ya hali hii? Natija iliyotarajwa haikupatikana. Na haya si mageni kwetu. Mnajua wapo vijana humu vijijini ambao wamepiga lami kwa miaka na mikaka bila kuambulia kazi za hadhi ambazo waliahidiwa huko vyuoni.
Hatimaye hawa hawa wenye shahada mbili, na wengine hata tatu, ndio wanaokuwa matarishi wa wale ambao walichechemea masomoni.
Vijana wengine, kwa kukosa hata huo utarishi, wamearnua kuanzisha biashara rejareja ili kujikimu; wamekosa la mama, wanaamwa la mbwa. Sina haja ya kuwafafanulia kiini cha hali hii ya kutamausha.
Ni dhahiri kwamba uthabiti wa taifa lolote lile hutegemea uthabiti wa uongozi, na uaminifu wa raia wake katika kuuwajibisha huo uongozi. Hata hivyo, inasikitisha kwamba wengi wetu tuinejipoka uwezo wa kuuwajibisha uongozi kwa kuwa mawindo rahisi ya uzungukaji mbuyu.
Huu ndio uwele ambao umeufisidi utu wetu na kutusahaulisha thamani za kitaifa. Hebu niambie ewe mama mwenzangu, kuna faida gani kuuza kura yako kwa kibaba cha unga na noti ya shilingi mia moja, ati kwa kuwa unaambiwa, ‘Ukinichagua nitahakikisha kwamba ile Affirmative Action imezingatiwa?
Ipo haja gani kuchomwa na jua ukiwafuata hawa hawa viongozi, ukiwaimbia nyimbo za kuwatia raia kichaa cha shangwe ili kuwapembeja wawapigie kura? Je, faida kwako imekuwa gani? Hujangojea kwa kipindi chote hiki kusakafiwa kwa hiyo barabara uliyoahidiwa siku ulipouza kura yako? Na ile ahadi ya ‘mwenzetu’ ya kuwaajiri vijana wetu kwenye Jeshi la Wanamaji imetimia? Hatujashuhudia watu wa akraba moja wakisombwa kutoka humu lcijijini kwenda kuchukua nyadhifa katika mashirika ya umma?”
“Kweli waso hayawanamji wao, Bi. Mkesha amejikosha kweliweli,”Bi. Kuli alimwambia mwenzake Bi. Kengemeka kisha akaendelea.” Anatuambia yepi mageni ambayo masikio haya yangu yaliyokula chumvi ya miongo sita ushei ya miaka hayajasikia?”
“Anasema tumpe nafasi ajitome kwenye uwanja wa majogoo,” akajibu Bi. Kengemelca, “atakuwaje tofauti na hao wanaurne?” Hata hao wanawake tumewahi kuwapa nafasi, wakatutenda zaidi ya wanaume. Usinikumbushe kura yangu niliyoipoteza kwa kumkweza Bi. Shali kwenye usukani. Siwezi kusahau namna ile ahadi ya maji ya mabomba na kuchimbwa kwa visima ilivyoishia kwenye kauli yake tu.”
Tumetendwa sote mwenzangu,” alisema Bi. Kull, “inasikitisha kwamba dau ta masomo ya wanangu limeenda mrama huku nikikimlilia huyo huyo Bi. Shali. Kila mara tunasikia kupitia vyombo vya habari kwamba serikali imeanzisha Hazina ya Eneobunge kuyafadhili masomo ya watoto kutoka familia maskini. Lengo kuu, nasikia, ni kuhakikisha kwamba asilimia kubwa ya watoto haipati fursa ya kujiunga na shule tu, bali pia inakamilisha masomo ‘Hata hivyo, lıuu ni mwaka wa tatu tangu wanangu watatu waache masomo kutokana na ukosefu wa karo.
Na „ usidhani ni karo ya shule ya kitaifa, la, hasha! Ni karo ya shule za kutwa ambapo niliwapeleka baada ya huyu huyu Bi.Shali kunitilia huku akinitolea huko kuhusiana na ufadhili wa masomo.”
“Usinikumbushe yaliyomfika mwanangu Neema,” alisema Bi. Kengemeka huku akitwaa ukingo wa kanga yake kujipangusa machozi. “Mwana huyu alikaa nyumbani kwa muhula mzima,” akaendelea Bi. Kengenıeka,” dhiki ya kuwaona wenzake wakienda shuleni huku yeye anabaki nyumbani ikamfanya kuwa windo rahisi la mmoja wa hao wabunge, akaambulia uja uzito ambao hakuulalia wala kuuamkia.
Mwenyewe mbunge ameshika hamsini zake kana kwamba hakufanya lolote.
Mwanangu Jabali naye amehiari kuwa kibarua katika shamba la mbunge wa sasa. Mwenyewe anasema anataka kudunduiza pesa ili arudi shuleni kukamilisha mwaka wake wa mwisho. Na usidhani ni hao wangu tu waliofikwa na ya kuwafika. Tumewaona wana wa wenzetu tuliopiga foleni pamoja kuwateua hao hao wabunge, wakitumiwa kama masoko ya dawa za kulevya. Wengine wamegeuzwa walanguzi wa dawa hizi,” Bi. Kengemeka alikamilisha uzungumzi wake na kushusha pumzi kana kwamba ameutua mzigo mzito.
Hata hotuba ya Bi. Mkesha ilipofikia ukingoni, Bi. Kuli alimwambia mwenzake, “Ninavyoona ni kwamba wanasiasa wote wamefınyangwa kutoka aina sawa ya udongo. Ikitokea kwamba tutampa huyu Bi. Mkesha kura, tumpe kwa kulazimika kikatiba kupiga kura; tusiwe na matarajio makuu.
Inasikitisha kwamba vijana wetu waadilifu hawataki kujitia najisi kwa kuingilia siasa. Yule kijana wetu Angaza angekubali rai ya wazee kujitoma ukingoni tungemuunga mkono.
(a) “Malengo yetu ya kuwateua viongozi yamesalitiwa.” Thibitisha kauli hii kwa kurejelea hoja sita kutoka kwenye taarifa. (alama 6)
(b) Eleza mchango wa wanyonge katika hali ya uongozi nchini Tungama. (alama 3)
(c) Bainisha mbinu nne ambazo Bi. Mkesha anatumia kuishawishi hadhira yake. (alama 4)
(d) (i) Andika kisawe cha, ‘kuwapembeja’ kwa mujibu wa taarifa.
(ii) Andika maana ya, ‘amejikosha’ kulingana na taarifa.
2. UFUPISHO (Alama 15)
Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali.
Tangu jadi, jamii za Kiafrika zilikuwa na majukumu bayana ya kijinsia. Kila jamii ilipania kuyarithisha majukumu haya kwa vijana wa vizazi tofautitofauti. Katika jamii nyingi, vikao maalumu viliandaliwa ili kuwaelekeza vijana kuhusu namna ya kukabiliana na majukumu yao ya kijamii. Nyakati nyingine mafunzo haya yalitolewa katika vipindi vya burudani kama vile utambaji wa ngano. Kadhalika, maarifa ınengi kuhusu namna ya kukabaliana na majukumu na changamoto za jinsia mahususi yalitolewa kupitia sherehe maalumu za kitamaduni almaarufu miviga. Mifano ya sherehe hizi ni kama vile upashaji tohara, arusi, na hata matanga. Jamii za zamani, kama zilivyo za kisasa, zilikuwa na matarajio mahususi kwa watu wa jinsia zote.
Mathalani, katikajamiinyingine zaKiakika, mwanamumendiye aliyetarajiwakuikimu aila yalıe.
Katika kipindi cha Usasi na Kuhemera kwa mfano, mwanamume ndiye aliyekuwa na jukumu la kwenda kichakani kuwinda. Hali kadhalika, mwanamume ndiye aliyetarajiwa kufanya kazi zilizohitaji nguvu kama vile kufyeka misitu kwa ajili ya kutengeneza mashamba, kuchimba migodi, kuchonga mawe, kufua vyombo vya dhahabu na fedha, kuehonga vinyago, na kazi nyingine zilizohitaji nguvu. Mke naye alitengewa jukumu la ulezi, si wa watoto wake tu, bali pia wa mume wake, na hata jamii pana. Ilikuwa jukumu la mwanamke kubaki nyumbani kumpikia mumewe na watoto, kufua nguo na kunadhifisha mazingira.
Wakati mwingine waume wao walipojitoma msituni kupigania uhuru, wanawake ndio waliowapikia chakula na kutafuta nibinu za lcuwafikishia huko huko msituni.
Watoto wa kike walifunzwa kuzilinda jamii zao, si kwa mali tu, bali pia kwa hali. Walifiinzwa kwamba furaha na afya ya familia zao, kimwili, kihisia na kisaikolojia ilimtegemea mama.
Ndiye aliyeliakikisha kwamba familia yake imepata lishe bora, ndiye aliyekuwa mwalimu wa kwanza wa watoto wake; akawafunza namna ya kmjithamini na kuwathamini wenzao; akawafunza pia namna ya kutatua migogoro yao kwa njia ifaayo. Kwa upande mwingine, watoto wa kiume walifunzwa umuhimu wa kuwa watu wa kutegemewa na jamaa zao, pamoja na kubuni mikakati ya kuzihakikishia familia zao usalama.
Jamii ya kisasa inazidi kukua na kutwaa uchangamano, nayo mitazamo ya binadamu kuhusu masuala na hali mbalimbali inaendelea kubadilika.
Siku hizi kwa mfano, si ibra kupata kwamba majukumu ambayo awali yalikuwa yametengewa jinsia mahususi sasa yametwaliwa na jinsia zote.
Imedhihirika kwamba kupanda kwa gharama ya maisha kumezua haja ya waume kwa wake kushirikiana bega kwa bega kuchumia vyungu vya familia zao. Asilimia ya wanawake ambao wanafanya kazi za ajira katika mashirika ya umma na ya kibinafsi imepanda. Kadhalika, kinyume na zamani, idadi kubwa ya wanawake imesoma.
Hakika wapo wanawake wengi ambao wameibuka kuwa magwiji katika taaluma kama vile uhandisi, udaktari na usoroveya ambazo awali zilikuwa milki ya wanaume pekee.
Ulingo wa siasa nao umetwaa sura mpya.
Idadi ya wabunge wanawake inaendelea kupanda kila kuchapo. Wapo pia wanawake ambao wamejiunga na vikosi vya kulinda usalama; jambo ambalo halikuwa la kawaida katika jamii nyingi hapo awali. Wanaume nao wametwaa kazi ambazo awali zilitengewa wanawake pekee. Katika baadhi yajamii za Kiafrika, mwanamume ambaye alipatikana jikoni alichukuliwa kuwa anaufedhehesha ukoo.
Siku hizi si ajabu kuwapata akina baba wengine wakiziandalia familia zao vyakula. Vilevile idadi ya wanaume wanaosomea kazi ya uuguzi inazidi kuongezeka.
Pia wapo wanaume ambao wanafanya kazi ya ususi na kuwarembesha wanawake. Hali hii ya mwingiliano wa majukumu haisaidii tu kukabiliana na changamoto ya tofauti za kijinsia, bali pia hupalilia mshikamano wa kijamii. Watu wanapobadilishana zamu katika kutekeleza majukumu ya kijamii huthaminiana. Hujiona kama wanaotegemeana kwa hali zote, na kwa njia hii utangamano hujengeka zaidi. Kadhalika, kubadilishana majukumu ni njia bora ya kufidia udhaifu wa wenzetu.
Ni dhahiri kwamba kumekuwa na mwingiliano mkubwa wa kimajukumu, hali ambayo imeziwezesha jamii nyingi kufikia ufanisi mkubwa. Hata hivyo, imebainika kwamba hali hii inaelekea kumomonyoa faida ambazo jamii nyingi zimepata kwa wanaume na wanawake kuslurikiana kutekeleza majukumu anuwai.
Mathalani, wazazi wengi siku hizi wamo mbioni kutafuta elimu, ama kwa ajili ya kukidhi mahitaji ya kikazi, au kwa kukamia malipo zaidi. Kuna baadhi ya wazazi ambao hujisajili kwa kazi mbalimbali, si kwa sababu wanahitaji maarifa fulani, bali kwa sababu wanataka kuwapiku wenzao katika ndoa.
Matokeo ni kwamba mume na mke wanajipoka muda wa kukaa pamoja na kufahamiana, pengo la kimahusiano nalo linajengeka, hali ambayo imesababisha kusambaratika kwa baadhi ya ndoa. Hali kadhalika imebainika kwamba, kwa sababu ya mume na mke kuwa mbioni kujiendeleza kitaaluma na kielimu, malezi ya watoto yameanza kutetereka.
Jukumu la kuwalea watoto na vijana limetelekezewa vijakazi, vitwana na hata vibonzo! Ibainike kwamba kila jambo sharti liwekewe mipaka. Yapo majukumu ambayo sharti yatekelezwe na jinsia maalum, yumkini kwa sababu za kimaumbile. Yapo majukumu kama vile malezi ya watoto ambayo sharti yachangiwe na kila jinsia.
(a) Fupisha ujumbe wa aya tatu za kwanza kwa maneno 80. (alama 7, 1 ya mtiririko)
Matayarisho
Nakala Safi
Majibu
(a) “Malengo yetu ya kuwateua viongozi yamesalitiwa.” Thibitisha kauli hii kwa kurejelea hoja sita kutoka kwenye taarifa. (alama 6)
Kujinasibisha na wasikilizaji wake ndugu wapenzi, mama mwenzangu. Maswali ya balagha ili kuwachochea/ kuwavutia kwake. Je, mnajua … Kuwasawiri wasikilizaji kama wanaofaa — haya si mageni/anayasawiri mambo kama ya kawaida ili yeye na hadhira yake wayafasiri kwa namna sawa.
(iv) Kuwaonyesha wasikilizaji wake kuwa ni mwenye mainlaka ya kuleta uthabiti katika uongozi.
(v) Anajitenga na wanasiasa wengine na (kwa) kudokeza udhaifu wao. hawa hawa viongozi … ahadi ya ‘mwenzetu’…
(d) (i) Andika kisawe cha, ‘kuwapembeja’ kwa mujibu wa taarifa.
(i) Kuwapembeja — kuwarai, kuwalaghai.
(ii) Andika maana ya, ‘amejikosha’ kulingana na taarifa.
(ii) Amejikosha — amejitoa lawamani.
2. (i) Majukumu ya kijinsia yalikuwa bayana.
(ii) Majukumu yalirithlshwa kwa vizazi.
(iii) Vijana walifunzwa kukabiliana na majukumu.
(iv) Jamii kuwa na matarajio kuhusu jinsia.
(v) Mwanaume kutarajiwa kukimu familia.
(vi) Mama kuwa na jukumu la malezi.
(vii) Watoto wa kike kutarajiwa kuzilinda familia.
(viii) Mama kuwa mwalimu.
(ix) Watoto wa kiume kufunzwa kuwa wa kutegemewa.
(c) (i) ki — li — nunu — liw — a wa — li — tembe lew — a zi li — jeng — ew — a
(ii) Mi-kate — (mi} wingi (kate} — mzizi
Vi-ti Ny-ufa
(vi} — wingi
{ti} — mzizi
{ny} — wingi (ufa} — mzizi
(d) (İ) Mtu mwaminifu huheshimiwa.
(Ü) Wao ndio walioibııka washindi.
(iii) Mchuuzi alinunua kicha cha mboga.
(iv) Seluwa ni mtiifu kama Maria / Seluwa ni mtiifu kuliko Maria.
(e) (i) Ugwe — U — ZI.
(ii) Lîmau — LI — YA
Vifaa vya kutosha visingalikuwapo moto usingalidhibitiwa. Kama vifaa vya kutosha visingekuwepo moto usingedhibitiwa.
Kama pasingekuwa na vifaa vya kutosha moto haingedhibitiwa. Vifaa vya kutosha visingekuwepo moto usingedhibitiwa.
(g) Manahodha waliyakwepa majabali hayo vyoınbo vikafika fuoni salama.
(h) Kwa mfano: Wanafunzi waliotia bidii masomoni walipata alama nzuri mno. Nomino kishazi kitegemezi kitenzi Nomino kivumishi kielezi
(i) Barabara nyingi zitakuwa zikisakafiwa. au
Barabara nyingi zitakuwa zinasakafiwa.
(j) Wanafunzi wamefurahia kufika kwa wageni. Au
Wanafunzi ivamefurahi wageni walipofika. Au
Wanafunzi wamefurahi baada ya wageni kufika.
(k) Maguo ambayo yanauzwa kwenye majiduka hayo yanavutia.
(1) (i) Watoto wa Maki walilelewa na Muutu.
(ii) Maji yalipojaa yalimwagika. Au Maji yalijaa yakamwagika.
Au Maji yaliyojaa yalimwagika. Au Baada ya maji kujaa yalimwagika.
(m) Sewe alituelezea jambo hilo tena. Au Sewe alituelezea jambo hilo mara mbili/mara kwa mara.
(n) viongozi wengi — kirai nomino walikuwa waadilifu mno — Kirai tenzi waadilifu mno — kirai vumishi kabla ya uchaguzi mkuu — kitai husishi uchaguzi mkuu — kirai nomino.
(i) KN (W * V) +KT (Ts + T) + U + KN (Ø) + KT (T)
(ii) KN(N+KH)KT(T+E) Au KN( N+W+N) +KT( T*E)
(i) Nyumba ni ya Medi.
(ii) Nyumba ni ya mtu mwingine.
(iii) Medi ndiye atairithisha nyumba.
(iv) Mtu mwingine ndiye atairithisha nyumba.
(v) Nyinyi (nafsi ya pili) ndio mtakaorithishwa.
(vi) Wao (nafsi ya tatu) ndio watakaorithishwa.
(q) “Jihadhari” akasema Kulei, “uamuzi wako unaweza kukuathiri vibaya.” (r) Mkulima hahitaji magunia haya.
(s) (i) kusifu — kukashifu kupongeza — kukashifu chache / haba/kidogo — tele
(iii) Nasaba/akraba/m1ango/ – ukoo Natija/tija – faida
(t) Maana zifuatazo zijitokeze:
(i) Kugawanya/kutenganisha, pengine kwa kisu.
(ii) Ondoa sehemu ya kitu, kwa mfano, kukata ujira/kupunguza kitu.
(iii) Chombo cha kuchotea maji mtunguni.
(iv) Eneo la ardhi/sehemu inayoongozwa na kiongozi fulani k.v. Lokesheni.
(v) Kitambaa au majani yaliyoviringwa kwa ajili ya kuwekwa kichwani kubebea mzigo.
4.(a) Kuibua utangamano kwa kuwarejelea waumini kama ‘ndugu’, ‘wenzangu’. Kutaja jina la mwenyezi Mungu,/msamiati wa kidini.
Kumsawiri binadamu kama anayehitaji huruma ya Mungu — ni mwenye dhambi/anayetegemea huruma.
(iv) Kurejelea vifungu/mifano kutoka msahafu.

A pattern of a boy’s short is provided. You are advised to study the sketches, instructions and layout carefully before you begin the test.
MATERIALS PROVIDED
1. Pattern Pieces
A. Short back
B. Short front
C. Pocket
D. Waistband
2. Plain lightweight cotton fabric 55 cm long by 90 cm wide.
3. Seeing thread to match the fabric.
4. One large envelope.
The Test
Using the materials provided, cut out and make the LEFT SIDE of the boy’s short to show the following processes:
(a) Cutting out. (9½ marks)
(b) Making of the back dart.(5½ marks)
(c) Making of the inner leg seam using a French seam.(7½ marks)
(d) Attaching the in-seam pocket. (12 marks)
(e) Working of the side seam using an open seam and neatening the sectlon below the pocket. (12 marks)
(f) Preparing and attaching the interfaced waistband. (Do not trim the seam).
(i) Tack the back part waistband using even tacking.
(ii) Top stitch the edge of waistband. (22 marks)
(g) Managing the hem. Machine stitch half of the hem. (Do not remove tacking stitches).(15 marks)
(h) Overall presentation. (6½ marks)
At the end of the examination, firmly sew onto your work, on a single fabric, a label bearing your name and index number. Remove the needles, pins and loose threads from your work. Fold your work neatly and place it in the envelope provided. Do not put scraps of fabric in the envelope. Do not seal the envelope.

Questions and Answers
Home Science Paper 2 (441/2)
1. Presentation
(a)Work well pressed (1) and folded (½).
(b) Label (½) firmly fixed (1) without concealing details (½) and on a single fabric (½).
(c) Pins/needles (½) tacking threads (½) and unnecessary threads (½) removed.
(d) Made up for the left half(1).
Sub-total 6 ½
2. Cutting Out
(a) (b) All five pattern pieces cut-out (5 x ½).
Smooth cutting of short CF (1) and on straight (c) grain (½)
Smooth cutting of short CB (1) and on straight grain (½)
(d) Waistband CB. smoothly cut (½) and on straight
(e) grain (½ )
Waistband CF. smoothly cut (½ ) and on straight grain (½)
Pocket smoothly cut (2 x ½) and straight grain (2 x½)
3. Dart
(a) Straight stitchery (1) tapering to a point (½) (b) Thread ends well fastened at the point.
(c) Correct depth of dart 6.8cm to with 3mm (6.5— 7.fern)
(d) Correct width of dart 0.8cm to within 3mm (0.5- 1.1cm)
(e) Dart pressed towards C.B.
Flatness of dart of R.S. (½) and W.S. (½) (no pockets formed)
Sub-total 5½
4. Pocket
(a) Front pocket attached to front short (1) with
straight stitchery (1) with R.S together(1)
§) Back pocket attached to back short (1) with
straight stitchery (1) with R.S together(1) 3 (c) Pocket bag facing down (1) and correct shape(1)
(d) Pocket mouth reinforced at the top (½) and bottom(½)
(e) Smooth stitchery of curved edges of pocket (lx2).
Pocket mouth left open 1
Sub-total 12
5. Open Seam
(a)Joined with straight stitchery (1×2) Evenness of seam (½ x 2)
(b) Raw edges well neatened below the pocket (1x 2)
(c) Seam pressed open (½ x 2) and flat (½ x 2) on (d) W.S. (½ x 2) and R.S. ( 2 x 2).
(e) Width of seam 1.0cm to within 2mm (0.8cm — 1.2cm) (1×2)
(f) Seam snipped above and below the pocket (½ x 2)
Sub-total 12
6. French Seam (inner leg seam)
If not French Seam give zero (0)
(a) Seam well-trimmed(1) no threads on the R.S(1)
(b) Straight stitchery.
(c) Seam well knife edged.
(d) Evenness of seam.
(e) Correct size (6mm) to within 2mm (4mm-8mm)
(ft Seam pressed towards the back at the hem
(g) Flatness of seam at hem R.S. (½) and W S. (½)
(h) Hem folded and matching at the inner leg seam to within 2mm. 1
Sub-total 8½
7. Waist Band
(a) Waistband joined with straight stitchery.
(b) Waistband well knife edged (1 x 2)
(c) Waistband correctly attached with straight stitch- ery (1 x 2) and not trimmed (½ x 2) (d) Waistband even (1 x 2) and notches matching
(e) Raw edges of back waistband well tucked under. 1 Flatness of waistband on R.S. (1) and W.S. (1).
(g) Correct width of waistband 3.7cm to within 3mm (3.4cm— 4.0cm) (1 x 2).
(h) Waistband edges flash with CF (½) and C.B. (½).
Waistband interfaced. 1
(i) Waistband evenly top stitched. 2
(j) Quality of even tacking (if not even tacking (k) award zero)
Sub-total 22
8. Hem Management
Raw edges well turned (2) and held down with tacking stitches (1) using a single thread (1) Machine stitches straight (l) and close to the edge (1).
Flatness of hem on R.S. (1 x 2) and W.S. (1 x 2). Evenness of hem (1 x 2)
Correct width of hem 2.8cm to within 2mm (2.6 3.0cm) (1 x 2)