KCSE Past Papers 2018 English Paper 3 (101/3)

May 9, 2020 mwalimu bewere 0 Comment

KCSE Past Papers 2019 English Paper 3 (101/3)

KCSE Past Papers 2018 English Paper 3 (101/3)

(Comprehension, Literary Appreciation and Grammar) Nov. 2018 – 2 hours

Kenya Certiﬁcate of Secondary Education

2018 English Paper 3

Answer three questions only.

1. Imaginative Composition (Compulsory)(20 marks)

Either

(a) Write a composition beginning:

1 wondered why the principal had summoned me.

(b) Describe the estate or village you live in.

2. Compulsory Set Text(20 marks)

Bertolt Brecht, The Caucasian Chalk Circle

With illustrations from Bertolt Brecht’s the Caucasian Chalk Circle, write a composition entitled:Self Centredness Does not Pay.

3. The Optional Set Texts(20 marks)

Answer any one of lhe following lhree questions.

Either

(a) The Short Story (20 marks)

Chris Wanjala (Ed.), Memories We Lost

Drawing examples from Barry McKinley’s short story“Almost Home”, write a composition on the topic: “Some people keep making one bad decision after another.”

Q) Drama

Francis Imbuga, Betrayal in the Cry›

(c)John Steinbeck, The Pearl With illustrations from John Steinbeck’s The Pearl, write an essay showing the evil nature

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KCSE Past Papers 2018 English Paper 2 (101/2)

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KCSE Past Papers 2019 English Paper 2 (101/2)

KCSE Past Papers 2018 English Paper 2 (101/2)

(Comprehension, Literary Appreciation and Grammar) Nov. 2018 – 2 hours

eet the Discipline of Nature every time they try to do something.

This is why it is so important in school to give students more chances to do things, instead of just reading or listening to someone talk.

This discipline is a good teacher.

The learner never has to wait long for the answer, it usually comes quickly, often instantly.

The answer is often clear, and it points towards the needed correction. This way, the learner does not only see that what was done is wrong, but also why, and what they need to do instead.

Finally, and most importantly, the giver of the answer, call her ‘Nature’ is impersonal, impartial and indifferent. She does not give opinions or make judgement. With Nature, one always gets an opportunity to start afresh, this time with the intention of doing things ri8ht.

The next type of discipline is the Discipline of Culture.

Man is a social and cultural animal.

Everyone, thus, senses around them this discipline, this network of agreements, customs, habits and rules binding the society together.

People always seek to understand the society and be part of it.

They watch very carefully what other people around them are doing and wish to do the same.

These unwritten rules regarding how to act in specific situations are called social norms.

Social norms help delineate what is acceptable behaviour. For example, it is not acceptable to be loud and boisterous in a place of worship.

The third discipline is the one most people refer to when they speak of discipline — the Discipline of Superior Force. lt is the discipline of“YOU do what I tell you or I’ll make you wish you had.” There is bound to be some of this in a person’s life.

Living as we do surrounded by things that can hurt us and our friends, we cannot avoid the Discipline of Superior Force.

For example, no one can let a child find out from experience the dan8er of playing with fire. So along with other precaufions, the child is told not to play with fire or they will be punished.

There are situations where all the three disciplines overlap. We often Year people say that students will never do anything unless they are compelled to. But in their private lives, or in co-curricular activities in school, they ofien submit themselves, willingly and wholeheartedly to very intense disciplines simply because they want to learn to do a given thing well. So, discipline, does not only stem from authority figures such as parents and teachers but it also comes from a person’s willingness to do right.

Adapted fiom Connelly Mark’s The BriefSundance Reader. TboxSon Heinle, 2003

(a) What are we told about the Discipline of Nature in the first paragraph?

(b) Identify and explain the use of personification in paragraph two. (2 marks)

(d) “You do what I tell you or I’ll make you wish you had.” What does this statement imply?(2 marks)

(e) “So, discipline does not only stem from authority figures such as parents and teachers but it also comes from a person’s willingness to do right”.

(Rewrite beginning: Not only…) (1 mark)

(f) In about 60 words, summarise what we are told about the Discipline of Culture. (6 marks) Rough copy

(g) Explain the meanlng of the following words as used in the passage. (3 marks)

(i) Boisterous

(ii) Precautions …………. .

2. Margai et Ogola, The River and the Source

Read the excerpt below and then answer the questions that follows

“Now Nyabera, I don’t believe a daughter of mine could sound so foolish. Of course they are human, that is why they are called white people, not whlte animals. And trust is something to give to people who have earned it and therefore you have to give them a chance to do so.

I would not trusi your uncle Otieno although he is as black as the bottom of the pot I boil maize and beans in. Finally, you’d better know that 1 aim to get some help from them against Otieno. The future of your nephew Owuor is in their hands so start praying.”

“Oh, mother! Please don’t go! What if something happened to you? I am afraid, mother, I am so afraid! And how can you leave Odor alone considering the kind of irresponsible mother he has? Oh, mother, I feel like this family is cursed. What lf something happened to him, to you?

Nyabera waited, her tears running in full force. Akoko stood up to her full height which barely reached her daughter’s shoulders. Her eyes were blazing fit to send sparks to set the thatched roof ablaze.

“Nyabcra, you are not the woman 1 brought you up to be. I know you have suffered, but suffering is the lot of many.

To suffer is not a curse unless you have earned it and I have never done anything to earn a curse. Both the evil and the good suffer.

How you come through suffering is what will make or break you.

Please think, my daughter.

At least you can have children and you have a good husband. One day Were will give you a child that lives; I am sure of it after what you have just told me.

But to have a child is one thing, to bring it up to be a human fit to live with others is something else altogether — and the way you are going I doubt if you will be fit to be a mother when the baby comes. You may be just like Alando your sister-in-law.

You have known me all your life.

How could you ever imagine that 1 could leave my grandson at the Mercy of your uncle? I’ve taken him to Yimbo to live in the house of Oloo, my brother. Are you happy now?” “Oh mother! Why didn’t you bring him here to stay with me? Don’t you trust me? “Of course I trust you.

l thought of bringing him here, but I decided it was too near the nest of vipefs who now occupy the stool of Maroko, the first chief. Please can you show me a place to rest? I will be staying with you for a few days before I leave for Kisumu.

That way no one will know or suspect my motives.” Nyabera conducted her mother to her mother-in-law’s house as Chik did not allow her to spend the night in a married daughter’s house.

The next few days passed pleasantly enough, with mother and daughter chatling or hours about their lives, their people, their past, their future, their hopes and all manner of things.

Or the fifth day she embarked on a journey which would bring her and her scant oflspring to a new era: for the great river starts its journey as a little stream which al useful meanders around with any apparent direction, sometimes disappearing underground aJ together, but always there, a1ways moving towards the sea.

(a) Briefly describe what happens before the events in this excerpl.

(b) From the excerpt, what do we team about Akoko’s character? (2 marks)

(d) What main theme emerges from this excerpt? illustrate your answer. (3 marks)

(e) What is the tone of the excerpt? Explain your answer. (3 marks)

(f) With reference to the novel, briefly explain the symbollsm in the last paragraph of the excerpt. (4 marks)

(g) How was Akoko’s case handled by the white man? (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ….

3. Read the following poem and then answer the questions that folloW.

The Man He Killed

“Had he and I but met, By some old ancient inn, We should have sat us down to wet Right many a nipperkin!

But ranged as infantry, And staring face to face, I shot at him as he at me, And killed him in his place.

l shot him dead because — Because he was my foe, Just so, my foe of course he was; That’s clear enough; although.

He thought he’d ‘list, perhaps off-hand like —just like I — Was out of work — had sold his traps — No other reason why.

Yes; quaint and curious war is! You shoot a fellow down You’d treat if met where any bar is, or help to half-a-crown.”

Thomas Hardy (1840-1923)

(a) Briefly explain what the poem is about.(3 marks)

(b) Identify and explain any two stylistic devices used in this poem. (c) What do we learn about the persona from this poem? (d) Describe the tone of this poem.

(e) What is the message of this poem?

(f) Explain the meaning of the word ‘quaint’ as used in the poem. (6 marks)

4. (a) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Do not change the meaning.(5 marks)

(i) They will look after Bakari.

(Begin: Bakari…)

(ii) The textbooks said the teacher are not adequate. (Punctuate correctly)

(iii) I know that one of your books has been published.

(Begin: I know that a…)

(iv) I will help him only if he asks me to.

(Rewrite using the word “unless”) (v) All of us want to pass our exams.

(Begin: None. )

@) Fill in each blank space with lhe correct alternative from the given chOiCes. (3 marks)

(i) The bank, in conjunction with the clubs, ….

(has, have)

(ii) Neither Karimi nor her friend ………….

(iii) Kawira is one of those people who…… …..

KCSE Past Papers 2018 English Paper 1 (101/1)

May 9, 2020 mwalimu bewere 0 Comment

KCSE Past Papers 2019 English Paper 1 (101/1)

KCSE Past Papers 2018 English Paper 1 (101/1)

(Comprehension, Literary Appreciation and Grammar) Nov. 2018 – 2 hours

Kenya Certiﬁcate of Secondary Education

2018 English Paper 1

1. A travelling theatre group is staging a performance of one of the literature set books in the local sub-county hall. Members of the drama club, the form three students and the form four students would want to watch the performance.

As the secretary of the drama club, write a letter to the principal asking for formal permission.

In your letter, give details about who will attend, the date and the time of the performance and the cost.You should also explain why the performane is important

2. Read the passage below and fill in each blank space with the most appropriate word. (10 marks)

Are leaders born or are they created out of circumstances and experience? The debate (3) .- …………. …….. this topic has gone on as long as the chicken-and-egg (b)………………………….. There are strong points for (c) ………………………..›.. side. For our purposes, we will say that the answer is a little bit of (d) ………………………….. Some individuals such as royalty are born and bred to (e) ………………………….. on leadership roles in later life. Other people develop into leaders over a sustained (f) ………………………….. of time. This is the type of leader (g) ………………………….. should all strive to become. All too (h) ………………………….. people find themselves in awe of great leader, wondering, “where do beings like these come from?” What these same individuals fail to realize is that (i) ………………………….. personality and luck can (j) ………………………….. to a leader’s success, those things are not the essence of what makes an exceptional leader.

(Adapted from: Everything Leadership Book by Bob Adams)

3. (a) Read the Poem below, and then answer the questions that follow.

A POISON TREE

I was angry with my friend;

I told my wrath, my wrath did end.

I was angry with my foe:

I told it not, my wrath did grow.

And I watered it in fears, Night and morning with tears; And 1 sunned it with smiles, And with soft deceitful wiles.

And it grew both day and night.

Till it bore an apple bright. And my foe beheld it shine, And he knew that it was mine.

And into my garden stole, when the night had veiled the pole; in the morning glad I see; My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

By William Blake

(i) Identify and explain any two features that Would make this poem easy to recite. (4 marks)

(ii) Describe the rhyme scheme of this poem. (3 marks)

(iii) In an oral performance of this poem, how would you say the last line? (2 marks)

(b) Paying attention to the vowel sound in each of the following words, pick the odd one out.(6 marks)

(i) scene, ship, these, bean, be

(ii) one, sun, put, ton, but

(iii) hal‘d, liort, firm, earn, fur

(iv) rode, coat, port, sew, know

(v) sit, nine, fight, eye, hide

(vi) soup, food, sue, root, good

(c) For each one of the woods below, provide another word which is pronounced in the same way but spelt differently. mite ……

rest…………….. ….

waist …. ……… ….. ..

stare ………………..

rain ……. … …… ..

(d) Read the dialogue below then answer the questions that follow. (5 marks)

Ms. Simiyu: Kantai:Good morning Kantai, why are you waiting outside? Good morning Madam. I was waiting to speak to you.

Ms. Simiyu: What is the problem this time? Are the boys in your class fighting again? There is no problem, Madam. My class sent me to ask you to allow them to attend the entertainment session tomorrow.

Kantai:You already know the answer to this, Kantai.

Ms. Simiyu: Your class had their turn last weekend.

Kantai:It is true Madam, we had our turn last weekend. But Madam, the video showing this weekend is based on one of our literature set texts. Here is the notice Madam.

Ms. Simiyu: Let me see it.

Kantai:Here, Madam.

Ms. Simiyu: Also Madam, we have come up with questions which we will answer and discuss in groups after matching the video.

Kantai:Where are the questions? Here they are Madam.

(i) What marks politeness in this negotiation?(2 marks)

(;i) What part in this negotiation Shows that Kantai had prepared his case well? (2 marks)

(iii) What in Ms. Simiyu’s behaviour encourages Kantai to continue with the negotiation? (2 marks)

Marking scheme English Paper 1 (101/1)

Expect a formal letter

(a)Writer’s address and format

(b)Date and format

(c)Recipient’s address and format

(d)Salutation – Dear sir, or Dear madam,

(e)Subject-‘Re’ must appear in subject, if not deny

(f)Content appropriate to instructions

(g)Complimentary close and signature

Language and mechanics of writing – (8 marks)

Award marks according to the linguistic ability of a candidate as follows:

Group D (01 — 02 marks)

Candidate does not communicate and their language ability is so minimal that the examiner has to guess what they intended to write.

Poor use of expressions Poor use of punctuation marks Hardly any correct sentences Spelling errors (Broken usage must be identified)Group C (03 — 04 marks)
Lack of confidence in language use Very simple sentences
All manner of grammatical errors
Mother tongue interference
Poor organization of ideas
Sentence construction errors- identify the word causing it and use marking symbolsGroup B (05 — 06 marks)
Communicates fluently, with ease of expression
Well- constructed sentences
Good use of vocabulary Some errors (slips) Sentence varietyGroup A (07 — 08 marks)
Ease of expression with no errors of punctuation, spelling and grammar
Good planning/organization of ideas
Clever use of vocabulary and maturity in language use
Definite sparks
Items of merit- indicated by a tickCloze test
2. a) on

b) one

c) each

d) both

e) take

f) period

g) we

h) often

i) although/though

j) contribute

3. (a)
The lines are simple and the language is not difficult — easy to read and remember.
There is regular repetition of words at regular predictable parts of the poem. For example stanzas, two, three and four start Wlth the word “And” and all the lines of stanza one with ‘I’.
The stanzas are of the same size; all have four lines.
The lines are basically of the same length.These characteristics give the poem a song-like pattern to which a performer can impose a tune (Any two (2) well explained points 2(two) marks each = (Total 4 marks).
(ii) The rhyme scheme in all four stanzas is aabbccddeeffgghh. In stanza one we have ‘friend/end’ and foe/grow; in stanza two ‘fears/tears and ‘smiles/wiles; in stanza three ‘night/bright’ and ‘shine/mine’; in stanza four stole/pole’ and ‘see/tree’. (3 marks)

(iii) In a celebratory tone. The persona has been plotting to kill the enemy for a long time and now his plans have borne fruit\ a smile to show contentment.

It could be said in a falling or rising intonation (low-falling intonation suggests both the end of the poem and the sad message of death). Deliberate slow pace

(iv) Use of gesture-e.g. outstretched hands to show how the foe stretched beneath the tree (2 marks, 1 mark for identification, and 1 mark for illustration/explanation) (Give reasons from the text to qualify the answers)

3. (b) Picking out odd vowel sound. (6 marks)

(i) ship;

(ii) put;

(iii) hard;

( iv) port

( v) sit

( vi) good

3. (c) might; wrest; waste; stair; reign/ rein (5 marks)

3. (d) (h) The teacher greets the student at the start of the dialogue to create rapport The student returns the greeting;

The student addresses the teacher with respect throughout [Madam]. The teacher respects turn taking rules (Any 2 points)

(ii) – He brought the notice of the meeting as proof that there will be a video.

– He brought proof of his class’s preparation.

– He had reasons why watching the video was important to them. (Any 2 points)

(iii) She shows interest in the evidence Kantai has brought. She listens to him.

– Courteously/politely responds to what Kantai says.

– Let’s Kantai express himself.

(iv) Varied, but must show completion of the negotiation.

Suggestions: Teacher can express appreciation for what Kantai has done/commend him for thorough preparations and promise to try and get permission or exemption.

Kantai thanks the teacher and makes/promises that the students will behave well. (2 marks each).

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KCSE Past Papers 2018 CRE Paper 2 (313/2)

Apr 22, 2020 mwalimu bewere 0 Comment

KCSE Past Papers 2019 CRE Paper 2 (313/2)

Kenya Certiﬁcate of Secondary Education

2018 Christian religious Education (CRE) Paper 2

1. (a) Outline Micah’s prophecy concerning the Messiah (Micah 5: 2-5).(7 marks)

(b) Describe the annunciation of the birth of Jesus by angel Gabriel as recorded in Luke I: 26-38.(8 marks)

2. (a) Explain the teachings of Jesus on the qualities of a true disciple (Luke 6: 20-49). (8 marks)

(b) Describe the incident in which Jesus foi’gave the sinful woman (Luke 7: 36-50). (7 marks)

3. (a) With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the teaching of Jesus on the proper use of wealth (Luke 16: 19-31). (7 marks)

(b) Outline six signs of the end times as taught by Jesus in Luke 21: 5-38. (6 marks)

4. (a) Identify eight characteristics of love as tau8ht by Saint Paul in I st Corinthians 13.(8 marks)

(b) Explain thc unity of believers as expressed in the concept of the church (Ephesians 5: 21-32). (5 marks)

5. (a) Outlinc the importance of professional Codes of Ethics. (6 marks)

(b) Identify seven factors that have led to an increased rate of child labour in Kenya loday. (7 marks)

6. (a) Give seven reasons why Christians are opposed to plastic surgery. (7 marks)

(b) State seven effects of pollution on the environment in Kenya today. (7 marks)

Questions and Answers

Christian Religious Education Paper 2

1. (a) Outline Micah’s prophecy concerning the Messiah (Micah 5: 2-5).(7 marks)

(i) The Messiah would be born in Bethlehem.

(ii) He will rule over Israel.

(iii) His origin is from the o1d/ancient days.

(iv) He would be born of a woman.

(v) He will feed His flock.

(vi) He will rule in majesty/strength of God.

(vii) In His time Israel will be secure/peaceful.

(viii) He shall be great to the ends of the earth/eternal.

(b) Describe the annunciation of the birth of Jesus by angel Gabriel as recorded in Luke I: 26-38.(8 marks)

(i) Angel Gabriel was sent/appeared to Mary in Nazareth.

(ii) Mary was a young woman who had been engaged to a man named Joseph from the house of David.

(iii) The angel greeted Mary “Hail, O favoured one, the Lord is with you.”

(iv) Mary was troubled by the greeting/wondered what it could be.

(v) The angel told her not to be afraid since she had found favour with God/was going to conceive/give birth to a son.

(vi) He would be called Jesus.

(vii) The angel told Mary that Jesus will be great/will be called the son of the Most High/God will give him the throne of his father David.

(viii) Mary asked the angel how she was going to conceive without a husband.

(ix) The angel told her that she would conceive by the power of the Holy Spirit.

(x) The angel told Mary that her kinswomen Elizabeth had also conceived a son/was six months pregnant

(xi) Mary accepted the angel’s message/said “I am the hand maid of the Lord, let it be to me as you have said.”

(xii) The angel departed from her.

(c) State five lessons Christians learn from the Magnificat. (5 marks)

(i) Christians should always appreciate/thank/glorify God for His favours.

(ii) Christians should have faith in God. (iii) Christians should be humble.

(iv) Christians should rejoice when they are blessed by God.

(v) Christians should obey/respect the will of God.

(vi) Christians should depend on God for provision.

2. (a) Explain the teachings of Jesus on the qualities of a true disciple (Luke 6: 20-49). (8 marks)

(i) Perseverance in the face of persecution — A true disciple should endure suffering.

(ii) Unwavering faith in Jesus — A true disciple should have absolute faith in God.

(iii) Love for enemies — A true disciple should love even their enemies/pray for them.

(iv) Obedience/implementers of the teachings of Jesus — A true disciple should accept the lordship of Christ/implement His teaching.

(v) Forgiving others — A true disciple should forgive others/not revenge.

(vi) Generosity/kindness — A true disciple should share with others/be generous.

(Vil) Not to judge others — A true disciple should exercise self-criticism before judging others.

(viii) Show compassion/mercy to others — A true disciple should be mercifiil just like God.

(b) Describe the incident in which Jesus foi’gave the sinful woman (Luke 7: 36-50). (7 marks)

(i) Simon the Pharisee invited Jesus to his house to eat with him.

(ii) A woman who was known to be a sinner came to Jesus with an alabaster flask of ointment.

(iii) She started seeping/wiped the feet of Jesus with her hair/kissed/anointed the feet of Jesus.

(iv) Simon wondered how Jesus could allow such a sinner to touch Him.

(v) Jesus knowing Simon’s thoughts decided to tell him the parable of the two debtors who owed their master different amounts of money and the master forgave them.

(vi) Jesus asked Simon who among the two debtors was more grateful.

(vii) Simon answered that the debtor who had more was more grateful.

(viii) Jesus told Simon that the sinful woman had shown a lot of love because her many sins had been forgiven.

(ix) Jesus told the woman to go in peace for her faith had saved her/her sins had been forgiven.

(c) State five lessons Christians learn from the incident in which Jesus forgave the sinful woman. (5 marks)

(i) Christians should confess/repent their sins.

(ii) The Kingdom of God is open to all/universal.

(iii) Christians should have faith in God.

(iv) Christians should be merciful/show compassion to those who are lost in sin.

(v) Christians should not judge others.

(vi) Christians should be grateful/thankful for the free gift of salvation/forgiveness of sins.

3. (a) With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the teaching of Jesus on the proper use of wealth (Luke 16: 19-31). (7 marks)

(i) Jesus taught that wealth should be used to alleviate the suffering of others/help the needy.

(ii) Wealth should be used to spread the good news.

(iii) Wealth should be used to serve others/glorify God.

(iv) Wealth should not be used to buy unnecessary materials for luxuries when others are suffering.

(v) Proper use of wealth enables one to be rewarded in heaven.

(vi) Wealth should not be used to oppress/humiliate the poor.

(vii) Too much trust in wealth can prevent someone from having eternal life/entering the kingdom of God.

(viii) Wealth is a gift/blessing from God/Christians are custodians of wealth.

(ix) Wealth is temporary/not permanent.

(b) Outline six signs of the end times as taught by Jesus in Luke 21: 5-38. (6 marks)

(i) Strange things will happen to the celestial bodies/sun/moon/star.

(ii) People will come claiming to be the Messiah.

(iii) There will be wars between nations.

(iv) Natural calamities like earthquakes/roaring of the seas will occur.

(v) The followers of Christ will be hated/persecuted.

(vi) There will be famine/pestilences.

(c) Give seven ways in which Christians are preparing themselves for the second coming of Jesus Christ. (7 marks)

(i) Christians pray/fast in readiness for the second coming of Jesus.

(ii) By accepting/confessing Jesus as their personal savior.

(iii) Living holy lives/pursuing righteousness.

(iv) Through preachlng the gospel to others/winning souls for Christ.

(v) Reading/practicing the word of God.

(vi) By fellowshipping/encouraging one another.

(vii) By helping the poor/needy.

(viii) Christians confess/repent their sins.

4. (a) Identify eight characteristics of love as tau8ht by Saint Paul in I st Corinthians 13.(8 marks)

(i) Love is patient.

(ii) It is kind.

(iii) It is not Jealous/boastful.

(iv) Love is not arrogant/rude.

(v) Love is not se1f-seeking does not insist on its own way.

(vi) Love is not irritable/resentful.

(vii) It does not rejoice in wrong/rejoices in the right.

(viii) Love bears all things.

(ix) Love endures/perseveres.

(x) Love believes/trusts all things.

(xi) Love never ends/it is eternal.

(xii) It is the greatest gift.

(b) Explain thc unity of believers as expressed in the concept of the church (Ephesians 5: 21-32). (5 marks)

(i) Paul used the symbol of marriage to show the unity of believers.

(ii) Christians are united to Christ just as a husband is united to his wife.

(iii) Christ loves the church just as the husband loves the wife.

(iv) The church has to submit to Christ just as the wife submits to her husband.

(v) Christ is the head of the church just as the husband is the head of the wife.

(vi) Just as a husband loves his own body/nourishes it, so Christ loves the church/nourlshes it.

(c) Identify seven factors that hinder effective cooperation among Christians in Kenya ioday. (7 marks)

(i) Greed for power/leadership wrangles.

(ii) Competition to win more converts/members.

(iii) Materialism/desire to have more.

(iv) Discrimination based on gender/tribe/education/race 1/social status/disability.

(v) Political interference.

(vi) Different interpretation of the Bible/doctrinal/denominational differences.

(vii) Emergence of cults/idol worship.

(viii) Lack of equity in resources/funds.

(ix) Poor infrastructure/language barrier/poor transport/communication facilities.

(x) Lack of money/inadequate funds.

5. (a) Outline the importance of professional Codes of Ethics. (6 marks)

(i) Professional code of ethics safeguard professionals against being compromised ln their work/upholds their integrity.

(ii) They give guidance on the relationship among professionals/those they serve.

(iii) They contain regu1ations/ terms of employment/promotion/remuneration/termination of services.

(iv) They promote se1f-discipline/accountability for the work done.

(v) They act as a measure of quality services/determine the expected levels of performance.

(vi) They enable the professionals to earn public trust/respect from people they serve/maintain public image of the profession.

(b) Identify seven factors that have led to an increased rate of child labour in Kenya loday. (7 marks)

(i) Poverty in the family has forced children to work.

(ii) They are cheap to contract/quest for cheap labour by employers.

(iii) Children can easily be employed/sacked/fired because they don’t have avenues to help them fight for proper terms/conditions.

(iv) Children have no skills/cannot negotiate for better terms of service/experience/knowledge.

(v) Greed for money by the child’s parent/guardian.

(vi) Death of parents/some children has been 1ef1 to fend for themselves.

(vii) Tiuancy from home/schools whereby some children abandon homes/schools due to peer pressure.

(viii) Gender discrimination in some communities/boys preferred/given priorities than girls.

(ix) Children are given too much responsibility at an early age/negligence/irresponsib1e parents.

(c) State seven ways through which Christ ians in Kenya are helping to reduce child labour in the society. (7 marks)

(i) Christians are helping to reduce child labour in the society by fighting for the rights of children/dignity of children.

(ii) By reporting those who employ children.

(iii) By advocating for stringent measures to curb child labour.

(iv) Teaching/sensitizing the society the evils of child labour.

(v) By condemning child labour/preaching against it.

(vi) Putting up homes for orphans/neglected children.

(vii) Through guidance and counselllng of parents on responsible parenthood.

(viii) Providing education to children from poor backgrounds.

(ix) By being role models/not practicing child labour.

6. (a) Reasons why Christians are opposed to plastic surgery.

(i) Plastic surgery takes the place of God/cha1lenges God as the creator/interferes with God’S lmage.

(ii) It shows lack of appreciation for oneself.

(iii) There are high risks involved/poor health/infections.

(iv) Plastic surgery is equated to idolatry/worship of the body.

(v) Plastic surgery promotes some vices/pride.

(vi) Plastic surgery can lead to death.

(vii) It can lower one’s self-esteem/stress/guilt.

(viii) It can lead to isolation/social stigma/rejection.

(b) Effects of pollution on the environment in Kenya today.

(i) Pollution has led to infections/diseases in human beings/animals.

(ii) It has led to global warming/result in climatic change/ozone layer.

(iii) Pollution has contributed to inconsistent rainfall patterns/drought/famine.

(iv) It has led to ecological/imbalance/migration/extinction of some animalsfiirds.

(v) It has led to death of human beings/animals/plants/birds.

(vi) It has led to human/animal conflicts.

(vii) It has damaged buildings/wastage of resources.

(viii) It has affected marine life/bio-diversity.

(c) Ways through which Christians in Kenya can control desertification.

(i) Christians can control desertification by protecting water catchment areas.

(ii) By exploiting/using alternative sources of energy/fuel.

(iii) Condemning/discouraging the distraction of forests.

(iv) Christians should participate in the planting of trees/afforestation/reforestation.

(v) By using better methods of farming.

(vi) Sensitizing/creating awareness of environmental conservation.

(vii) Christians should report those who destroy forests/environment to relevant authorities.

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KCSE Past Papers 2018 CRE Paper 1 (313/1)

Apr 22, 2020 mwalimu bewere 0 Comment

Kenya Certiﬁcate of Secondary Education

2018 Christian religious Education (CRE) Paper 1

1. (a)Outline seven teachings about human beings from the Biblical creation accounts. (7 marks)

(b) Give seven similarities between traditional African view of evil and the Biblical concept of sin. (7 marks)

2. (a)State six ways in which Christians in Kenya help to restore a member who has fallen into sin. (6 marks)

(b) Give five reasons why the Israelites broke the covenant they had made with God while at Mount Sinai (Exodus 32:1-35). (5 marks)

(b) Identify eight conditions that God gave to the Israelites during the renewal of the Sinai covenant (Exodus 34:1-35). (8 marks)

3. (a) Identify seven characteristics of the Canaanite religion. (7 marks)

(b) State the challenges faced by Elijah during his prophetic ministry in Israel. (6 marks)

4. (a)Explain the vision of the basket of summer fruits shown to Prophet Arnos by God. (Amos 8:1-3). (6 marks)

(b) Outline the teaching of Prophet Amos on the day of the Lord. (7 marks)

5. (a) State the evils condemned by Prophet Jeremiah during the temple sermon. (6 marks)

(b) Explain four symbolic acts related to hope and restoration as demonstrated by Prophet Jeremiah. (8 marks)

(c)Give six lessons Christians learn from Prophet Jeremiah’s temple sermon. (6 marks)

6. (a)Outline six roles of priests in traditional African communities. (6 marks)

(b) Explain the importance of kinship ties in traditional African communities.( 5 marks)

Questions and Answers

Christian Religious Education Paper 1

1. (a)Outline seven teachings about human beings from the Biblical creation accounts. (7 marks)

(i) Human beings are created in the image/likeliness of God

(ii) Human beings are co-creators with God/have to continue with God’s work of creation

(iii) Human life is God given/have the breath of life from God

(iv) They have the authority/dominion over God’s creation/superior to the rest of the creation.

(v) Human beings have the ability to thiñk/reason/make choices/decisions/bear consequence

(vi) Human beings are social beings/need companionship

(vii) They have a duty to take care of God’s creation/till the land/work

(viii) Human beings are to use other creation for their benefits/transform the world for the benefit

(ix) They are blessed by God

(x) Man and woman are equal before God

(xi) Human beings are to procreate through marriage/mutiply/fill the earth

(xii) They have been created to obey/fellowship with God

(xiii) The woman was created out of the man’s ribs.

(b) Give seven similarities between traditional African view of evil and the Biblical concept of sin. (7 marks)

(i) In both cases God/supreme being is good/not the author of sin/evil.

(ii) In both sin/evil is considered/known to interfere with the smooth running of the community as intended by God/supreme being.

(iii) In both sin/evil leads/results to alienation of human beings from God/interferes with good relationship.

(iv) Both sin/evil arises from human beings disobedience/greed/selfishness

(v) Both sin/evil causes a lot of suffering to human beings.

(vi) In both sin/evi1 may result from failing in a social/spiritual obligatiori/duty

(vii) In both human beings have the ability to overcome evil by choosing good/ right.

(viii) God is the guardian of morality/law/order in both.

(ix) In both sin/evil destroys the relationship among human beings/creates a situation of fear/mistrust/suspicion.

(x) In both sin/evil leads to punishment from God/can lead to destruction of God’s creation through natural calamities.

(xi) In both sin/evi1 leads to death

(xii) In both there is remedy for sin/evil

2. (a)State six ways in which Christians in Kenya help to restore a member who has fallen into sin. (6 marks)

(i) By praying for/with the member.

(ii) Through providing guidance and counselling/advice.

(iii) Visiting the member/doing a follow up after preaching to him/her.

(iv) By inviting him/her to come to church.

(v) Forgiving/accepting him/her in church.

(vi) Teaching/preaching the word of God to him/her.

(vii) By showing him/ her 1ove/ by providing material/financial support .

(viii) By encouraging him/her to confess/repent/seek for forgiveness

(b) Give five reasons why the Israelites broke the covenant they had made with God while at Mount Sinai (Exodus 32:1-35). (5 marks)

(i) Moses their leader had taken too long on the mountain.

(ii) Aaron, who had been left in charge of the peoples was weak/was easily manipulated.

(iii) The Israelites wanted a god they could see.

(iv) The Israelites were still influenced by the Egyptian way of worship/idolatry

(v) The teaching/influence of Moses had vanished from the people’s minds.

(vi) They lacked faith in God

(vii) They lacked knowledge of the nature of God.

(b) Identify eight conditions that God gave to the Israelites during the renewal of the Sinai covenant (Exodus 34:1-35). (8 marks)

(i) The Israelites were to obey God’s commands.

(ii) The Israelites were not to make anycovenant treaties with other tribes.

(iii) The Israelites were to destroy/break down the altars of their gods/smash their sacred stones/places of Idol worship.

(iv) They were not to worship any other god but Yahweh.

(v) They were to keep the feast of unleavened bread.

(vi) The Israelites were to dedicate all their first born male children/those of their flock to God.

(vii) The Israelites were to rest on the seventh day.

(viii) They were to offer to God the first fruits of their harvests/observe the feast of weeks.

(ix) All the male Israelites were to appear before the Lord God three times in a year.

(x) They were not to offer the blood of the sacrifices with leaven.

(xi) They were not to intermarry.

(xii) They were not to make graven images/idols.

(c) State the importance of the Ten Commandments to Christians. (7 marks)

(i) The Ten Commandments safegurds Christians against idol worship/promotes the worship of one true God.

(ii) They help Christians to have the right relationship with God/warns against indulging themselves in practices that drives them away from God/not to misuse God’s name.

(iii) They remind Christians to keep the Sabbath day/celebrate the Sabbath day by carrying out acts of charity/fellowshipping with one another.

(iv) They promote good relationship between parents and children/others.

(v) They help Christians to preserve/respect/protect human life.

(vi) They act as a guide to Christian living/safeguard marriages/bring stability in families.

(vii) The Ten Commandments help to protect pGople’s property/condemns all forms of theft.

(viii) They help to teach the virtue of honesty/self-control.

(ix) Ten Commandments promotes good relationship with other people/enhance peaceful co-existence.

3. (a) Identify seven characteristics of the Canaanite religion. (7 marks)

(i) Canaanite religion was a nature/cosmic/cyclic religion.

(ii) It comprised of many gods/goddesses/po1ytheistic.

(iii) They had a chief god/EL.

(iv) They worshipped their gods on mountain tops/high places of worship/temples/shrines.

(v) Symbols/idols/images were made to represent each god/goddesses.

(vi) The Canaanites practiced temple prostitution/was part of the worship of gods/goddesses.

(vii) They offered elaborate human/animal/crops sacrifices to the gods/goddesses.

L (viii) Feasts/festivals were celebrated in honor of gods/goddesses.

(ix) Each god had his/her own prophet/prophetess.

(x) Each god/goddess played a specific role in the community.

(b) State the challenges faced by Elijah during his prophetic ministry in Israel. (6 marks)

(i) Prophet Elijah had to defend his faith/religion to prove that Yahweh was the True God.

(ii) He was accused by King Ahab of being the trouble maker in Israel/enemy.

(iii) Prophet Elijah had to convince the people that he was the true prophet of Yahweh.

(iv) He lived in fear after pronouncing the drought in Israel.

(v) He had to flee from Israel after killing the prophets of Baal.

(vi) Jezebel threatened to kill him.

(vii) Elijah despaired/felt discouraged/lonely/wished to die.

(viii) True prophets of God were being persecuted/killed in Israel.

(ix) Elijah had to fight Baalism which had been made a state religion

(x) The presence of the many prophets of Baa1 in Israel

(c) Give seven ways in which Christians fight comiption in Kenya today. (7 marks)

(i) Christians fight corruption through condemning all the unjust practices in the society.

(ii) By praying for the corrupt people to change their behavior.

(iii) Through advocating for the enactment of laws that can help to strengthen the fight against comiption.

(iv) Christians act as role models for others to emulate/set good example by avoiding comipt practices.

(v) They make moral choices/informed decision/through the use of life skills. By lobbying for the punishment of all those who abuse justice/promote corruption,

(vi) By educating/providing civic education on the evils Of comiption.

(vii) Through exposing corrupt practices in the society.

(viii) By obeying the laws of the state.

(x) By preaching the importance of integrity to the people.

(ix) Christians repott those engaged in comtption to the relevant authorities

4. (a)Explain the vision of the basket of summer fruits shown to Prophet Arnos by God. (Amos 8:1-3). (6 marks)

(i) Prophet Amos was shown a basket of ripe fruits at the end of the harvest.

(ii) God told Amos that Israel was ripe for destruction.

(iii) Just as one waits for time to harvest fruits, God had waited for the Israelites to repent.

(iv) Since Israelites had not repented, the time had come for them to be punished.

(v) God’s judgement would not be delayed any longer.

(vi) Prophet Amos was silent/did not plead for God’s mercy for the Israelites.

(vii) This meant that punishment was inevitable.

(b) Outline the teaching of Prophet Amos on the day of the Lord. (7 marks)

(i) The day of the Lord would be full of darkness/no ligh/eclipse.

(ii) It would be a day of horror/disaster.

(iii) The day of the Lord will be a day of disappointment to the rich/rulers.

(iv) God would punish the (sraelites for their disobedience/He will remember their evil deed/God’s judgement would be upon them.

(v) There would be earthquakes/the land shall tremble/floods.

(vi) There will be mourning/wailing or the day of the Lord.

(vii) People will not delight in their feasts/festivals.

(viii) People will thirst/hunger for the word of God.

(ix) People will faint in the process of searching for the word of God.

(x) Israelites would be defeated by their enemies on the day of the Lord.

(xi) There would be famine/hunger/lack of food on the day of the Lord.

(xii) It will be a day of disappointment to the Israehtes/there will be no happiness/joy.

(c) State seven ways in which Christians help the church leaders to perform their duties effectively. (7 marks)

(i) Christians support church leaders financially/give material help/basic needs.

(ii) They defend them against unfair criticism.

(iii) By encouraging them iti their work/giving them moral support.

(iv) Advising/counseling them on various issues.

(v) By praying for/with them.

(vi) Respecting them/participate in church activities.

(vii) By practicing their teaching/obeying the word of God.

(viii) By giving tithes/offering to support the church activities.

5. (a) State the evils condemned by Prophet Jeremiah during the temple sermon. (6 marks)

(i) Prophet Jeremiah condemned the false belief that the temple could not be destroyed since it was God’s dwelling place.

(ii) He condemned the worship of other gods/idolatry.

(iii) He condemned the practice of human sacrifice which was against the commands of God.

(iv) He condemned hypocrisy among the people/syncretism/insincere worship.

(v) Prophet Jeremiah condemned the defilement of the temple/the people had put idols in it.

(vi) He condemned the oppression of the foreigners/widows/orphans which was against the covenant way of life.

(vii) He condemned the stubbornness of the Israelites against God’s warnings/had ignored the teachings of the prophets/failed to repent.

(b) Explain four symbolic acts related to hope and restoration as demonstrated by Prophet Jeremiah. (8 marks)

(i) The vision of two baskets of figs

Jeremiah saw a vision of two baskets of figs outside the temple. One basket had bad fruits that could not be eaten while the other one had good figs.

The good figs represented the first group who submitted to the deportation to exile.

This group of people would be restored/will be given new hearts/would be called people of God. The bad figs represented the group that refused to submit to the deportation to exile/would be punished.

(ii) The buying of land

God instructed Jeremiah to buy land from his cousin in Anathoth. He carried out the transaction before witnesses/gave the title deed to Baruch the scribe for safe keeping. This showed restoration of the Israelites to their homeland/They would reclaim the land.

(iii) The wooden Ox yoke

This symbolized the perseverance of the Jews in exile. After a period in exile, God would break the Babylonian yoke/restore the people back to the land/they would be set free.

(iv) The letter to the exiles

Jeremiah wrote the letter to encourage the exiles. They were to settle/build houses/have children/live in peace because they would return to Israel.

(v) Jeremiah’s visit to the potter’s house (c)Give six lessons Christians learn from Prophet Jeremiah’s temple sermon. (6 marks)

(i) Christians should have absolute trust/faith in God.

(ii) Christians should be morally upri%t/be exemplary.

(iii) They should warn people about judgement/punish the sinners/call sinners to repentance.

(iv) Christians should denounce/condemn social evils in the society.

(v) Christians should help the needy/widows/orphans.

(vi) They should be sincere in worship/shun hypocrisy/syncretism.

(vii) They should respect/ honour places of worship.

(viii) They should obey the word of God.

6. (a)Outline six roles of priests in traditional African communities. (6 marks)

(i) They give sacrifices to God/poor libations to ancestors.

(ii) They act as advisors of the community.

(iii) The priests intercede/offer prayers to God/spirits/ancestors on behalf of human beings.

(iv) They are the religious symbols of God’s presence in the community.

(v) In some communities the priest can act as a political leader.

(vi) They solve/settle disputes in the society/judge cases.

(vii) Priests preside over religious ceremonies/festivals.

(viii) They take care of shrines/places of worship.

(ix) They are custodians of customs/taboos/traditions of the community.

(b) Explain the importance of kinship ties in traditional African communities.( 5 marks)

(i) Kinship ties helps in preserving traditional customs through informal education.

(ii) They bind the entire life of a community/unites members of the same clari/family.

It helps to maintain law and order in the community.

Kinship ties promotes a sense of be1onging/security/identity. It defines the punishment/reward in the community.

It regulates marriage relationship in the community.

(vii) It helps in settling disputes in the community/family.

(viii) It defines duties/responsibilities of members of the clan/family.

(ix) It governs the relationship between the living and the dead.

(x) Kinship prepares the youth for leadership roles.

(xi) It enables people to share/help one another.

(c) Identify six factors that have affected the kinship ties in the traditional African communities.(6 marks)

(i) Formal education.

(ii) Modem religions/Christianity/Islam.

(iii) Mass media influence.

(iv) Permissiveness in the society.

(v) Western civilization.

(vi) Migration/individual land ownership.

(vii) New government structures/systems.

(viii) Economic factors/poverty/wealth/social status.

(ix) Urbanization.

(x) Modern science and technology.

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KCSE Past Papers 2018 Chemistry paper 3 (233/3)

Apr 22, 2020 mwalimu bewere 0 Comment

Practical

2018 Chemistry paper 3

1. You are provided with:

• 0.30 g solid A, magnesium metal

• Hydrochloric acid, solution B

• 0.15 sodium carbonate, solution C

• Methyl orange indicator

You are required to determine the:

• Enthalpy change, AH per mole, of the reaction between magnesium metal and excess hydrocholoric acid.

• Concentration in moles per litre of hydrochloric acid, solution B.

Procedure I

(i) Using a burette, measure 50.0 cm³ of solution B and place it in a 100 ml plastic beaker.

(ii) Measure the temperature of solution B in the beaker after every 30 seconds and record it in Table 1.

(iii) At the 90th second, add all of the solid A provided into the beaker, stir with the thermometer and continue measuring and recording the temperature after every 30 seconds. Complete Table 1. Retain the mixture in the beaker for use in procedure II.

Table 1

Time (seconds)	0	30	60	90	120	150	180	210	240	270
Temperature°C				x

(3 marks)

(a) Plot a graph of temperature (vertical axis) against time on the grid provided. (3 marks)

(b) Determine the change in temperature, AT, for the reaction. Show the working on the graph.

AT . (1 mark)

(c) Calculate the heat change, in joules, for the reaction. Assume that for the solution, specific heat capacity is 4.2 Jg K 1 and density is 1.0gcm 3. (2 marks)

(d) The relative atomic mass of magnesium is 24.0. Calculate the enthalpy change, AH, of the reaction per mole of magnesium. Indicate the sign of AH. (1 mark)

Procedure H

(i) Fill a clean burette with the 0.15M sodium carbonate, solution C.

(ii) Place all of the mixture in the beaker from procedure I into a 250ml volumetric flask. Add distilled water to the mark and shake thoroughly. Label the mixture as solution D.

(iii) Using a pipette filler, pipette 25.0 cm³ of solution D into a 250 ml conical flask and add 2 drops of methyl orange indicator.

(iv) Titrate solution D in the conical flask with the sodium carbonate, solution C and record the readings in Table 2.

(v) Repeat steps (iii) and (iv) and complete Table 2.

Table 2

Observations	Inferences

(a) Determine the average volume of the 0.15M sodium carbonate, solution C, used. (1 mark)

(b) Calculate the number of moles of:

(i) sodium carbonate used.

(ii) hydrochloric acid in the 25.0 cm³ of solution D.

(iii) hydrochloric acid in the 250 cm³ of solution D.

(iv) hydrochloric acid that reacted with magnesium metal.(1 mark)

(v) total number of moles of hydrochloric acid in the 50.0cm³, solution B. (1 mark)

2. You are provided with solid E. Carry out the following tests and record the observations and inferences in the spaces provided.

(a) Place about one-third of solid E in a dry test-tube. Heat the solid strongly and test any gas with both blue and red litmus papers.

Observations	Inferences

(b) Place the remaining amount of solid E in a boiling tube. Add about 15 cm³ of distilled water and shake. Divide the mixture into four test tubes each containing about 2 cm³ .

(i) To the first portion, add three or four drops of dilute hydrochloric acid (1 mark)

(ii) To the second portion, add two or three drops of aqueous barium nitrate.

Observations	Inferences

(iii) To the third portion, add aqueous sodium hydroxide dropwise until in excess.

Observations	Inferences

(iv) To the fourth portion, add aqueous ammonia dropwise until in excess.

Observations	Inferences

3. You are provided with solid F. Carry out the following tests and record the observations and inferences in the spaces provided.

(a) Place about one-third of solid F on a clean metallic spatula and burn it in a Bunsen burner flame.

Observations	Inferences

(b) Place the remaining amount of solid F in a boiling tube. Add about 10 cm³ of distilled water and shake. Use the mixture for tests (i) to (iii) below.

Observations	Inferences

(i) Using about 2 cm³ of the mixture in a test-tube, determine the pH using universal indicator paper and chart.

Observations	Inferences

(ii) To about 2 cm³ of the mixture in a test tube, add two or three drops of acidified potassium manganate(VII).

Observations	Inferences

(iii) To about 2 cm³ of the mixture in a test-tube add two or three drops of bromine

Observations	Inferences

Practical Answers

2018 Chemistry paper 3

Time,s	0	30	60	90	120	150	180	210	240	270
Temperature ºC	22.0	22.0	22.0	x	43.0	47.5	48.0	47.0	46.5	46.0

• Complete table ———-(1 mark)

• Use of decimals ( Either whole numbers, one decimal place as 0.5 (1 mark)

• Accuracy —————-½

• Trends – constant readings from t=0 sec to t=60sec, continuous rise in temperature readings from t=120 sec to maximum followed by a drop ½

a).

• Scale——-(½ mark)

• Labeling of axes—–(½ mark)

On graph paper

b).△T=(50.0 – 22.0)^oc =28.0^o

• Plotting (1 mark)

• Curve / lines (1 mark)

c).Heat change = 4.2 x 50 x 28.0 Joules

= 5880 Jou1es

d).Moles of magnesium = 30 0.0125/24

Enthalpy change △H= —5880/0.0125 x 1 J mol^-1

= – 470400 J mol^-1 OR – 470.4 kJ mol_-1

-ve sign must be shown otherwise penalize

	I	II	III
Final brette reading	24.80	33.50	41.50
Initial burette reading	1.00	10.00	18.00
Volume of solution C used cm<sub>3</sub>	23.80	23.50	23.50

• Complete table with three titrations—-(1 mark)

• Use of decimals ( 1 or 2) consistently (1 mark)

For 2 decimal places, the second decimal should be 0 or 5

• Accuracy ( any one value compared to the school value that is within 0.10 cmm or 0.20 cm³ of the school value) (1 mark)

• Principles of averaging — average of volumes that are within -L 0.10cm to 0.20 cm³ from each other.

• Final accuracy- should be within 0.10 cm3 to 0.20 cm³of the school value.

a).Average volume of solution C used

23.50 + 23.50 cm³/2 = 23.50 cmcm³

b).Moles of sodium carbonate = 0.15average titre/1000

23.50 x 0.15/ 1000

— 3.525 x10^-3

(ii) Reaction ratio is 1 mole Na₂ COC₃ : 2 moles HCl

Moles of hydrochloric acid in 25.0cm’ = 2 x Answer in b(i) =2×3.525 x 10^-3

= 7.05 x10 ^-3

(nf) Moles of hydrochloric acid in 250 cm° = Answer in b(ii) x 250 2

— 0.0705

(iv) Mg * 2HCl—+ Mg Cl, + H₂

Reaction ratio is Mg : HCP = 1 : 2

Moles of magnesium — 0.0125

Moles of hydrochloric acid = 2 x 0.0125 M

= 0 025

(v) Total number of moles of hydrochloric acid in 50 cm3 of solution B = Answer in b(iii) + answer in b(iv)

= 0.0705 + 0.025

= 0.0955

Concentration of hydrochloric acid in moles per litre of solution B Answer in b(v) x i000 50

0.0955 x1000 Moles per litre

= 1.91 mol dm^-3

Observations	Inferences
(a) Colourless liquid condenses the on cooler parts of the test-tube. Red litmus turned blue Blue litmus remains blue (2marks)	Hydrated compound of ammonium salt (NH ) present (1marks)
(b) No effervescence (i) No white precipitate	CO-2 3 * and SOA’ absent Pb2+absent
(ii) White precipitate	SO2-4
(iii) White precipitate which dissolves in excess aqueous sodium hydroxide	Zn2+ or Al3+ present
(iv) White precipltate insoluble in excess aqueous ammonia	Zn2+ or Al 3+
3.(a)Bums with a yellow smoky / sooty flame	Unsaturated organic compound OR – long-chain organic compound
(b) Dissolves forming a colourless solution.	Polar compound
(i) pH = 2 (accept pH value from 1 to 3) Reject pH range	Acidic compound probably carboxylic acid
(ii) Acidified potassium manganate (VII) decolourised / purple potassium manganate (VII) changes to colourless.	Alkene / alkyne or alkanol present
Bromine water decolourized / Yellow or brown colour of bromine turns colourless	Alkene OR alkyne present

KCPE and KCSE Past Papers KCSE past papers Teacher's Resources

KCSE Past Papers 2018 Chemistry paper 2(233/2)

Apr 22, 2020 mwalimu bewere 0 Comment

KCSE Past Papers 2019 Chemistry paper 2(233/2)

2018 Chemistry paper 2

1. The diagram in figure I shows some natural and industrial processes. Study it and answer the questions that follows

(a) Identify the processes labelled: (2 marks)

A……………….

B……………….

C……………….

D……………….

(b) State the reagents and conditions required for processes B and D.

(i) Process B:

Reagent…………….(1 mark)

Conditions ………… (l mark )

(ii) Process D:

Reagent…………….(1 mark)

Conditions ………… (l mark )

(iii) Describe how process D is carried out.(2 marks)

(iv) State two additives used to improve the quality of soap.(1 marks)

(iii) Draw the structure of terylene.(1 marks)

(d) (i) Name the polymer formed in step C.(1 marks)

(ii) State one disadvantage of the polymer formed in (d) (i).(1 marks)

2. Figure 2 is a section of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements

(a) (i) Select elements which belong to the same chemical family.(1 marks)

(ii) Write the formulae of ions for elements in the same period.(1 marks)

(b) The hrst ionisation energies of two elements K and M at random are 577 kJ/mol and 494 tel/mol .(1 marks)

(i) Write equations for the 1 ˢ ᵗ ionisation energies for elements K and M and indicate their energies.(1 marks)

(iii) Write the formula of the compound formed when L and I react.(1 marks)

(iv) Give one use of elemcnt V.(1 marks)

(ii) How do the reactivity of elements J and K compare? Explain. (2 marks)

(d) (i) Elements L and M form chlorides. Complete the following table by writing the formulae of each chloride and state the nature of the solutions. (2 marks)

(ii) The chloride of element M vapourises easily while its oxide has a high melting point. Explain. (2 marks)

3. (a) Complete Table I by indicating the observations, type of permanent or temporary change and name of new compound formed.

(b) Use the set-up in Figure 3 to answer the questions that follow. The flask was covered with a cloth that had been soaked in ice-cold water.

(i) State the observation made on the coloured water. Explain.(2 marks)

(ii) Name the gas law illustrated in Figure 3.(1 marks)

(i) Write the half-cell representation for the element whose electrode potential is for hydrogen. (1 mark)

(ii) Arrange the elements in order of reducing power, starting with the weakest reducing agent. (1 mark)

(iii) I Select two half cells which combine to give a cell with the least e.m.f. (1 mark)

II Calculate the e.m.f of the half cells identified in (iii) I. (1 mark)

4. An experiment was carried out to prepare crystals of magnesium sulphate.

Excess magnesi um powder was added to l00cm’of dilute sulphuric(VI) acid in a beaker and warmed until no further reaction took place.

The mixture was filtered and the filtrate evaporated to saturation, then lcft to cool for crystals to form.

(a) (i) Write an equation for the reaction.(1 mark)

(ii) Explain why eKcess magnesium powder was used.(1 mark)

(iii) State how completion of the reaction was determined.(1 mark)

(iv) What is meant by a saturated solution?(1 mark)

(v) Explain why the filtrate was not evaporated to dryness.(2 mark)

(b) When bleaching powder, CaOC1„ is treated with dilute nitric(V) acid, chlorine gas is released.

This reaction can be used to determine the chlorine content of various samples of bleaching powders and liquids.

(i) Write an equation for the reaction of nitric(V) acid with bleaching powder.(1 mark)

(ii) Calculate the volume of chlorine produced when 10 g of CaOC1, is treated with excess nitric(V) acid. (Ca = 40.0; O = 16.0; Cl = 35.5; 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4dm³ at s.t.p) (3 marks)

5. (a) The diagram in Figure 4 was used to prepare hydrogen chloride gas which was passed over heated iron powder.

(i) Give a pair of reagents that will produce hydrogen chloride gas in flask A. (2 marks)

(ii) Name the substance in flask B.(1 marks)

(iii) State the observation made in the combustion tube.(1 marks)

(iv) Write an equation for the reaction in the combustion tube.(1 marks)

(v) Describe a chemical test for hydrogen chloride gas.(1 marks)

(b) (i) Identify the gas that bums at the jet.(1 marks)

(ii) Explain why the gas in (b) (i) is burned.(1 marks)

(d) State what will be observed when the reaction in the combustion tube is complete.(1 marks)

(e) Another experiment was carried out where hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled through methylbeiizene and water in separate beakers.

The resulting solutions were tested with blue litmus papers and marble chips.

(i) Write the observations made in the following table.

(ii) Explain the observations in (e) (i).(2 marks)

6. (a) In Kenya, sodium carbonate is extracted from trona at Lake Magadi. (i) Give the formula of trona.

(ii) Name the process of extracting sodium carbonate from trona.(2 marks)

(b) The flow chart in Figure 5 summarises the steps involved in the production of sodium carbonate. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

(i) Name the process illustrated in Figure 5.(1 mark)

(ii) Identify the starting raw materials required in the production of sodium carbonate. (2 marks)

(iii) Write equations for the two reactions that occur in the carbonator. (2 marks)

(iv) Name two substances that are recycled. (v) Identify:

Solid X;…………….(l mark)

Process W……………(l mark)

(vi) Write an equation for the reaction that produces solution Z.(l mark)

(vii) Apart from softening hard water, state two other uses of sodium carbonate. (2 marks)

Questions and Answers

2018 Chemistry paper 2

1. The diagram in figure I shows some natural and industrial processes. Study it and answer the questions that follows

(a) Identify the processes labelled: (2 marks)

A — Fermentation

B — Dehydration

C — Addition polymerization / polymerization

D — Saponification

(b) State the reagents and conditions required for processes B and D.

(i) Process B:

Reagent – Concentrated sulphuric(VI) acids

Conditions – Temperature of 160°C – l80°C.

<(ii) Process D:

Reagent – hydroxide / Sodium hydroxide

Conditions – Boil / Boiling

(iii) Describe how process D is carried out.(2 marks)

The vegetable oil is mixed with sodium hydroxide and boiled

Solid sodium chloride is added to the resulting mixture, to precipitate out the soap from glycerol.

(iv) State two additives used to improve the quality of soap.(1 marks)

Perfumeand builders / tetraoxophosphates/dye

(c) State the reagents required in steps F and G.(1 marks)

Step F – acidified potassium manganate (VII)

(iii) Draw the structure of terylene.(1 marks)

(d) (i) Name the polymer formed in step C.(1 marks)

Polyethene / polythene

(ii) State one disadvantage of the polymer formed in (d) (i).(1 marks)

It is non-biodegradable hence pollutes the environment;

Produces poisonous gases when burnt.

2. Figure 2 is a section of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements

(a) (i) Select elements which belong to the same chemical family.(1 marks)

K and J

(ii) Write the formulae of ions for elements in the same period.(1 marks)

K⁺ , L<sup+2< sup=””>, M³⁺</sup+2<>

(b) The first ionisation energies of two elements K and M at random are 577 kJ/mol and 494 tel/mol .(1 marks)

(i) Write equations for the 1ˢᵗ ionisation energies for elements K and M and indicate their energies.(1 marks)

K_(g) + k_(g)⁺+ e

AHA — 494kJ/mol

M_(g) + M_(g)⁺+ e

AHA — 577kJ/mol

(iii) Write the formula of the compound formed when L and I react.(1 marks)

Across the period, size of atoms decreases therefore more energy required to remove electrons from an atom i

n its gaseous state hence, 1ˢᵗ ionization energy for M will be greater than that of K.

K has lower nuclear charge / attraction than M / K has less protons than M.

(iv) Give one use of element V.(1 marks)

Being an inert gas, V is used in fluorescent tubes and bulbs.

(c) (i) State another group that G can be placcd in Figure 1. Explain. (2 marks)

Group 7.

Because G can either lose an electron to form G“ or gain an electron to form G.

(ii) How do the reactivity of elements J and K compare? Explain. (2 marks)

I is more reactive than K because of increase in the size of atoms. As we go down the group, the atoms increase in size so does reactivity. Outer electrons do not experience much nuclear attraction for bigger atoms.

Reactivity increases down the group, effective nuclear attraction is greater in K than I’ atomic radius of I is greater than that of K.

(d) (i) Elements L and M form chlorides. Complete the following table by writing the formulae of each chloride and state the nature of the solutions. (2 marks)

LCl₂Neutral

MCl₃/M₂Cl₃Acidic

(ii) The chloride of element M vapourises easily while its oxide has a high melting point. Explain. (2 marks)

Chloride of M vaporizes easily because of weak van der Waals forces between its dimer

Its oxide has a high melting point because of strong ionic bond is difficult to break.

3. (a) Complete Table I by indicating the observations, type of permanent or temporary change and name of new compound formed.

(b) Use the set-up in Figure 3 to answer the questions that follow. The flask was covered with a cloth that had been soaked in ice-cold water.

(i) State the observation made on the coloured water. Explain.(2 marks)

Coloured water moves towards the flask.

Cold cloth contributes to decrease in temperate causing decrease in volume; this creates a vacuum maling the ink tO move towards the flask.

(ii) Name the gas law illustrated in Figure 3.(1 marks)

Charle’s law

(c) Use the standard electrode potentials in Table 2 to answer the questions that follow.

(i) Write the half-cell representation for the element whose electrode potential is for hydrogen. (1 mark)

W⁺_(aq)W₂_(G)/Pt

(ii) Arrange the elements in order of reducing power, starting with the weakest reducing agent. (1 mark)

U,Z,X,W₂V,Y,

(iii) Select two half cells which combine to give a cell with the least e.m.f. (1 mark)

V²⁺/V and W⁺/W₂

II Calculate the e.m.f of the half cells identified in (iii) . (1 mark)

e.m.f= 0.00- (-0.40)

+0.40V

4. An experiment was carried out to prepare crystals of magnesium sulphate.

Excess magnesi um powder was added to l00cm’of dilute sulphuric(VI) acid in a beaker and warmed until no further reaction took place.

The mixture was filtered and the filtrate evaporated to saturation, then lcft to cool for crystals to form.

(a) (i) Write an equation for the reaction.(1 mark)

Mg _(s) + H₂SO₄ -> MgSO_{4 + H2}

(ii) Explain why excess magnesium powder was used.(1 mark)

To ensure all the acid was used up.

(iii) State how completion of the reaction was determined.(1 mark)

When effervescence stops and presence of unreacted magnesium.

(iv) What is meant by a saturated solution?(1 mark)

Saturated solution is one that cannot dissolve any more solute at a particular temperature.

(v) Explain why the filtrate was not evaporated to dryness.(2 mark)

Because magnesium sulphate is a hydrated salt and evaporation to dryness causes it to lose it water of crystallization / crystals would not be formed because water of crystallization is lost through heating.

(b) When bleaching powder, CaOC1„ is treated with dilute nitric(V) acid, chlorine gas is released.

This reaction can be used to determine the chlorine content of various samples of bleaching powders and liquids.

(i) Write an equation for the reaction of nitric(V) acid with bleaching powder.(1 mark)

CaOC1_2(s) +2HNO₃ -> Ca(NO₃)2t -> Cl₂(g) +H₂

(ii) Calculate the volume of chlorine produced when 10 g of CaOC1, is treated with excess nitric(V) acid. (Ca = 40.0; O = 16.0; Cl = 35.5; 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4dm³ at s.t.p) (3 marks)

Volume of chlorine produced Mass of CaOClsub>2 = 40 + 16 + 71

=56 + 71

127

Moles of CaOClz — 10 = 0.0787 moles >1 127

Moles of CnOC/ —— moles of CU 1 mole CU —— 22.4 dm³ 0.0787 = ?

0.0787 x 22.4 — 1.763 dm³

(c) Apart from use of chlorine gas in bleaches and water treatment, state two other uses of chlorine gas. (1 mark)

• Manufacture of hydrochloric acid;

• Manufacture of PVC polymers;

• Manufacture of potassium ch1orate(V);

• Manufacture of carbon tetrachloride;

• Manufacture of chloroform.

5. (a) The diagram in Figure 4 was used to prepare hydrogen chloride gas which was passed over heated iron powder.

(i) Give a pair of reagents that will produce hydrogen chloride gas in flask A. (2 marks)

Concentrated sulphuric(VI) acid and sodium chloride.

(ii) Name the substance in flask B.(1 marks)

Concentrated sulphuric(VI) acid.

(iii) State the observation made in the combustion tube.(1 marks)

Grey Iron powder turns green / solid glows red

(iv) Write an equation for the reaction in the combustion tube.(1 marks)

Fe_s + 2HCl —+ FeCl₂ + H₂

(v) Describe a chemical test for hydrogen chloride gas.(1 marks)

Open a bottle of concentrated ammonia and place it near HCI dense white fumes of NH₄ Cl are observed.

(b) (i) Identify the gas that bums at the jet.(1 marks)

Hydrogen gas

(ii) Explain why the gas in (b) (i) is burned.(1 marks)

To prevent an explosion since a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen explodes

(c) Give reasons why excess hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved using the funnel arrangement. (2 marks)

To prevent suck back

To increase surface area for dissolution of hydrogen chloride in water

(d) State what will be observed when the reaction in the combustion tube is complete.(1 marks)

The flame will go off.

(e) Another experiment was carried out where hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled through methylbeiizene and water in separate beakers.

The resulting solutions were tested with blue litmus papers and marble chips.

(i) Write the observations made in the following table.

(ii) Explain the observations in (e) (i).(2 marks)

In water the hydrogen chloride ionizes to form hydrogen ions and chloride ions. / In methylbenzene which is non polar, 6. (a) In Kenya, sodium carbonate is extracted from trona at Lake Magadi. (i) Give the formula of trona.

Na₂CO₃.NaHCO₃.H₂O

(ii) Name the process of extracting sodium carbonate from trona.(2 marks)

Fractional crystallization.

(b) The flow chart in Figure 5 summarises the steps involved in the production of sodium carbonate. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

(i) Name the process illustrated in Figure 5.(1 mark)

Solvay process

(ii) Identify the starting raw materials required in the production of sodium carbonate. (2 marks)

Brine, ammonia, calcium carbonate and water

(iii) Write equations for the two reactions that occur in the carbonator. (2 marks)

NH₃ + COC + H₂O —+ NH₄ HCO₂

(iv) Name two substances that are recycled.

Ammonia and Carbon(IV) oxide, water

(v) Identify:

Solid X – Calcium hydroxide >1 [Ca(OH)₂

Process W – Thermal decomposition

(vi) Write an equation for the reaction that produces solution Z.(l mark)

NH₄Cl +Ca(OH)₂2NH₂CaCl₂+ H₂

(vii) Apart from softening hard water, state two other uses of sodium carbonate. (2 marks)

• Glass making

• Paper industry

• Sodium silicate in making detergents

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KCSE Past Papers 2018 Chemistry paper 1(233/1)

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KCSE Past Papers 2019 Chemistry paper 1(233/1)

Kenya certificate of primary Education

2018 Chemistry paper 1

1. (a) Define a soluble base. (1 mark)

(b) Aqueous solutions of 2M ethanoic acid and 2M nitric(V) acid were tested for electrical conductivity. Which solution is a better conductor of electricity? Explain. (2 marks)

2. (a) Explain why it is not advisable to prepare a sample of carbon(IV) oxide using barium carbonate and dilute sulphuric(VI) acid. (2 marks)

(b) State a method that can be used to collect dry carbon(IV) oxide gas. Give a reason. (l mark)

3. The following are formulae of organic compounds. Use the formulae to answer the questions that follow:

CH₃CH CH₂OH

CH₃ OOH

CH₃CH₂CH 2CH

CH₃CCCH₃ (a) Select:

(i) two compounds which when reacted together produce a sweet smelling compound. (1 mark)

(ii) an unsaturated hydrocarbon.(1 mark)

(b) Name the compound selected in (a) (ii).(1 mark)

4. One of the allotropes of sulphur is rhombic sulphur.

(a) Name the other allotrope of sulphur.(1 mark)

(b) Draw a diagram to show the shape of the allotrope named in (a) above.(1 mark)

5. Describe an experiment to show that group one elements react with cold water to form alkaline solutions. (3 marks)

6. (a) State Graham’s law of diffusion. (1 mark)

(b) Explain why a balloon filled with helium gas deflates faster than a balloon of the same size filled with argon gas. (2 marks)

7. 30.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide containing 8.0 g per litre of sodium hydroxide were completely neutralised by 0.294 g of a dibasic acid. Determine the relative formula mass of the dibasic acid. (Na = 23.0 ; O = 16.0 ; H 1.0) (3 marks)

8. Study the flow chart in Figure 1 and answer the questions that follow.

Gas N forms a while suspension with aqueous calcium hydroxide.(1 mark)

(a) Name the anion present in the potassium salt.(1 mark)

(b) Write an ionic equation for the formation of solid M.(1 mark)

9.An experiment was carried out to determine the presence of substancePQR and S in mixture T.the results obtained are as follows

(a) Name the method of sepration illustrated in figure 2

(ii) a substance wh‹eh is least soluble in t)ie solvent used. 10. Using iron filings, describe an experiment that can be conducted to show that oxygen is present in air. (3 marks)

11. (a) Element U has atomic number 12 while element V has atomic number 16. How do the melting points of their oxides compare? Explain. (3 marks)

12. When ethene gas is compressed at a high temperature, a solid is formed.

(a) Give the name of the solid. (I mark)

(b) Explain why it is not advisable to allow the solid to accumulate in the environment. (2 marks)

13. In the Haber process, nitrogen reacts with hydrogen according to the following equation.

3112(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g) ; AH = —92 kJ mol**

(a) What would be the effect of adding a catalyst on the position of the equilibrium? (1 mark)

(b) Explain why it is not advisable to use temperatures higher than 773 K in the Haber process. (2 marks)

14. Figure 3 shows a set-up used by a student to prepare dry chlorine gas in the laboratory.

Identify three mistakes in the set-up, and give a reason for each. (3 marks)

15. You are provided with solid potassium hydrogen carbonate. Describe how a solid sample of potassium nitrate can be prepared. (3 marks)

16. Metal X and Y have standard electrode potentials of —0.13 V and —0.76V respectively, T metals were connected to fonn a cell as shown in Figure 4.

(a) Name the part labelled Z.

(b) State one function of the part labelled Z.

17. Figure 5 represents a grid that is part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.

(a) Write the electron arrangement of element C. (1 mark)

(b) On the grid provided, show with a tick (I) the position of element D whose atomic number is 18. (1 mark)

18. (a) Define molar heat of displacement. (1 mark)

(b) The following ionic equation represents the reaction between metal Y and an aqueot solution of Z°+.

Z°+ (aq) + Y(s) Z(s) + Y2 (aq); AH = -ve

Draw an energy level diagram to represent the reaction.

19. (a) Give the symbols of the two charged particles emitted by a radioactive isotope. (2 marks)

(b) An isotope 2 0 Pb disintegrates by emitting two beta particles. Determine the mass number and atomic number of the resulting nuclide.

20. (a) Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the following equation. Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) Identify the reducing agent. Give a reason for the answer. (2 marks)

(b) Iron sheets are dipped in molten zinc to prevent rusting. Name this process. (l mark)

21. Study the set-up in Figure 6 and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the substance that was collected in tube P. (1 mark)

(b) Write an equation for the reaction which occurs in tube Q in the first few minutes of the experiment. (1 mark)

22. You are provided with the following: thermometer, boiling tube, beaker, Bunsen burner, pure substance X whose boiling point is about 80°C, water and any other apparatus that may be required. Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up that can be used to determine the melting point ofX. (3 marks)

23. Explain why it is important to put off a non-luminous flame immediately after use. (2 marks)

24. (a) Name two ores of iron. (1 mark)

(b) Describe how the amount of iron in a sample of iron(III) oxide can be determined. (2 marks)

25. Explain why a solution of sodium chloride conducts electricity while that of sugar does not. (2 marks)

26. Explain why commercial indicators are preferred to flower extracts as aCid-base indicators. (2 marks)

27. (NH, )2HPO4 is a fertiliser used by farmers to boost their crop production. (a) Calculate the mass of phosphorus in a 20 kg packet of + * 4)2HPO4. (N = 14.0; H — 1.0; P = 31.0; O = 16.0) (2 marks)

(b) State one advantage of this fertilizer, (NH4)2HPO4, over urea (CO(NH 2)2)- (1 mark)

28.Distinguish between emprical and molecular formular of a compond

Questions and Answers

2018 Chemistry paper 2

1. (a) Define a soluble base. (1 mark)

A soluble base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions as the only negative ions.

(b) Aqueous solutions of 2M ethanoic acid and 2M nitric(V) acid were tested for electrical conductivity. Which solution is a better conductor of electricity? Explain. (2 marks)

Nitric(V) acid. This is because nitric(V) acid is a strong acid and dissociates completely in solution producing many H+ ions.

2. (a) Explain why it is not advisable to prepare a sample of carbon(IV) oxide using barium carbonate and dilute sulphuric(VI) acid. (2 marks)

– The reaction starts but soon stops.

This is because the insoluble barium sulphate produced forms a coating on the surface of the barium carbonate preventing further reaction and evolution of carbon(IV) oxide gas.

(b) State a method that can be used to collect dry carbon(IV) oxide gas. Give a reason. (l mark)

– Downward delivery.

– Carbon(IV) oxide is denser than air.

3. The following are formulae of organic compounds. Use the formulae to answer the questions that follow:

CH₃CH CH₂OH

CH₃ OOH

CH₃CH₂CH 2CH

CH₃CCCH₃ (a) Select:

(i) two compounds which when reacted together produce a sweet smelling compound. (1 mark)

CH CH CH OH and CH.,COOH

(ii) an unsaturated hydrocarbon.(1 mark)

CH^P CCCH

(b) Name the compound selected in (a) (ii).(1 mark)

But-2-yne

4. One of the allotropes of sulphur is rhombic sulphur.

(a) Name the other allotrope of sulphur.(1 mark)

Monoclinic sulphur / beta sulphur / prismatic sulphur

(b) Draw a diagram to show the shape of the allotrope named in (a) above.(1 mark)

(c) Write an equation for the reaction between concentrated sulphuric(VI) acid and sulphur.(1 mark)

S + 2H₂SO₄ -> 3SO2 + 2H₂0

5. Describe an experiment to show that group one elements react with cold water to form alkaline solutions. (3 marks)

Place a small piece of sodium metal on water in a trough.

When the reaction stops, drop a strip of red litmus paper to the resulting solution. The red litmus paper turns blue showing that the resulting solution is alkaline. ( Any indicator used)

6. (a) State Graham’s law of diffusion. (1 mark)

The rate of diffiision of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its denslty at constant temperature and pressure.

(b) Explain why a balloon filled with helium gas deflates faster than a balloon of the same size filled with argon gas. (2 marks)

Helium is less dense than argon hence it diffuses out of the balloon faster than argon.

8. Study the flow chart in Figure 1 and answer the questions that follow.

Gas N forms a while suspension with aqueous calcium hydroxide.(1 mark)

(a) Name the anion present in the potassium salt.(1 mark)

Carbonate (CO₃² )

(b) Write an ionic equation for the formation of solid M.(1 mark)

Ba^{2+(aq) * CO32 (aq) —› BaCO₃(S)}

(c) Give one use of gas N.(1 mark)

– Making soft drinks/aerated drinks;

– In refrigeration;

– In extinguishing fires;

– Making baking powder; Manufacture of sodium carbonate; Cloud seeding.

9.An experiment was carried out to determine the presence of substancePQR and S in mixture T.the results obtained are as follows

(a) Name the method of sepration illustrated in figure 2

Chromatography/paper chromatography

(ii)A substance which is least soluble in the solvent used.

10. Using iron filings, describe an experiment that can be conducted to show that oxygen is present in air. (3 marks)

Wet a measuring cylinder/gas jar and sprinkle some iron filings on the wet surface. Remove the excess iron filings;

Invert the measuring cylinder in a trough of water; – Take the reading of the air column in the measuring cylinder. Leave the set-up for 2 days;

Read and record the volume of the air column;

11. (a) Element U has atomic number 12 while element V has atomic number 16. How do the melting points of their oxides compare? Explain. (3 marks)

The oxide of U has higher melting point than the oxide of V;

This is because the oxide of U is a solid with ionic bonds hence requires a lot of energy to melt;

The oxide of V is a gas hence requires little energy to melt/break molecular forces of attraction.

12. When ethene gas is compressed at a high temperature, a solid is formed.

(a) Give the name of the solid. (I mark)

Polythene / Polyethene

(b) Explain why it is not advisable to allow the solid to accumulate in the environment. (2 marks)

It is non-biodegradable, hence pollutes the environment.

13. In the Haber process, nitrogen reacts with hydrogen according to the following equation.

3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g) ; AH = —92 kJ mol**

(a) What would be the effect of adding a catalyst on the position of the equilibrium? (1 mark)

No effect/does not affect the position of the equilibrium.

(b) Explain why it is not advisable to use temperatures higher than 773 K in the Haber process. (2 marks)

Forward reaction is exothermic, excessive temperatures would favour the backward reaction therefore lowering the yield of ammonia.

14. Figure 3 shows a set-up used by a student to prepare dry chlorine gas in the laboratory.

Identify three mistakes in the set-up, and give a reason for each. (3 marks)

– One reagent is missing, hence reagents provided cannot produce chlorine;

– Wrong drying agent — Calcium oxide will react with the chlorine gas;

– Incorrect method of gas collection – No gas will be collected / chlorine is denser than air.

15. You are provided with solid potassium hydrogen carbonate. Describe how a solid sample of potassium nitrate can be prepared. (3 marks)

Measure a certain volume of dilute nitric(V) acid and place it in a beaker;

Add potassium hydrogen carbonate little by little as the mixture is stirred until effervescence stops;

Evaporate the solution to saturation and allow to cool for crystals to form;

Dry the crystals in between filter papers.

16. Metal X and Y have standard electrode potentials of —0.13 V and —0.76V respectively, T metals were connected to fonn a cell as shown in Figure 4.

(a) Name the part labelled Z.

Salt bridge

(b) State one function of the part labelled Z.

– Provides electrical contact between the electrodes//completes the circuit;

(c) Calculate the e.m.f. of the cell. (1 mark)

—0.13 – 0.76

=+0.63K

17. Figure 5 represents a grid that is part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.

– Provides cations and anions to replace those used up.

(a) Write the electron arrangement of element C. (1 mark)

2.8.4

(b) On the grid provided, show with a tick (I) the position of element D whose atomic number is 18. (1 mark)

period 3, group 8

(c) Element E is more reactive than A. Explain.

E has a bigger atomic radius than A / the valence electrons of element E are further from the nucleus, hence loosely held by the positive nucleus and requires less energy to be removed during reaction.

A has a smaller atomic radius than E / the valence electrons of element A are closer to the nucleus, hence strongly held by the positive nucleus and requires more energy to be removed during a reaction.

18. (a) Define molar heat of displacement.

(1 mark)

Molar heat of displacement is the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a substance is displaced from its ions in solution.

(b) The following ionic equation represents the reaction between metal Y and an aqueot solution of Z°+.

Z°+ (aq) + Y(s) Z(s) + Y2 (aq); AH = -ve

Draw an energy level diagram to represent the reaction.

19. (a) Give the symbols of the two charged particles emitted by a radioactive isotope.(2 marks)

a – positively charged / 2ffe

@ – negatively charged / Je

²¹⁰₈₂Pb -> ^a_bX + 2º

(b) An isotope 2 0 Pb disintegrates by emitting two beta particles. Determine the mass number and atomic number of the resulting nuclide.

a = 210 + 0 = 210

b = 82 + 2 = 84

mass no = 210 Atomic number = 84

20. (a) Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the following equation. Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) Identify the reducing agent. Give a reason for the answer. (2 marks)

– Reducing agent — Zn

– The oxidation number of Zn increased from 0 to +2 OR

Zn loses electrons form zinc ions/ Zn is oxidized to Zn2+

(b) Iron sheets are dipped in molten zinc to prevent rusting. Name this process. (l mark)

Galvanization

21. Study the set-up in Figure 6 and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the substance that was collected in tube P. (1 mark)

Water

(b) Write an equation for the reaction which occurs in tube Q in the first few minutes of the experiment. (1 mark)

COZ + Ca (OH)_{2O -> CaCO3 + H2O (c) Give a suitable conclusion for the experiment in the set-up. (1 mark)}

Burning candle /organic matter produces water and carbon(V) oxide. OR Candle contains carbon and hydrogen / candle is a hydrocarbon

22. You are provided with the following: thermometer, boiling tube, beaker, Bunsen burner, pure substance X whose boiling point is about 80°C, water and any other apparatus that may be required.

Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up that can be used to determine the melting point ofX. (3 marks)

23. Explain why it is important to put off a non-luminous flame immediately after use. (2 marks)

A non -luminous flame is invisible, hence it should be put off to avoid being accidentally burned.

24. (a) Name two ores of iron. (1 mark)

– Haematite;

– Magnetite;

– Siderite.

(b) Describe how the amount of iron in a sample of iron(III) oxide can be determined. (2 marks)

– Weigh the Iron(III) oxide together with a crucible;

– Heat the Iron(III) oxide and coke to a constant mass;

– Cool and re-weigh residue and crucible

– The difference in mass is weight of the iron.

25. Explain why a solution of sodium chloride conducts electricity while that of sugar does not. (2 marks)

A solution of sodium chloride contains ions which are free to conduct electricity while that of sugar contains molecules hence cannot conduct electricity.

26. Explain why commercial indicators are preferred to flower extracts as aCid-base indicators.(2 marks)

The composition of commercial indicators remains constant. hence gives consistent results.

The composition of flower extracts change with time giving inconsistent results.

27. (NH, )2HPO4 is a fertiliser used by farmers to boost their crop production.

(a) Calculate the mass of phosphorus in a 20 kg packet of + * 4)2HPO4.

(N = 14.0; H — 1.0; P = 31.0; O = 16.0) (2 marks)

(b) State one advantage of this fertilizer, (NH4)2HPO4, over urea (CO(NH 2)2)- (1 mark)

has two nutrients available to crops, nitrogen and phosphorus, urea has only nitrogen.

28.Distinguish between emprical and molecular formular of a compond

Empirical formula shows the Simplest whole number ratio of the moles of atoms of different elements in a compound while the molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of various elements present in one molecule of the compound.

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KCSE Past Papers 2018 Computer Studies Paper 2 (451/2)

Apr 22, 2020 mwalimu bewere 0 Comment

KCSE Past Papers 2019 Computer Studies Paper 2 (451/2)

Kenya Certiﬁcate of Secondary Education

2018 Computer Studies – Paper1

2 1. (a) In a school, students reside in three dormitories Red, Blue and Orange. Each dormitory is managed by a patron and each student is required to register for a game.

(i) Open a database program and create a database named schoolgames that would be used to manage the games. (1 mark)

(ii) Create the tables named; Student, Patron, Dormitory and Game in the database created in (i) using the following specifications. (7 marks)

Student table

Field name	Description
Stud No	Contains unique registration code
Studname	Contains the name of a student
Gamecode	Contains codes of each game
Dormcode	codes codes of each dormitory

Patron table

Field name	Description
Patroncode	Contains the patronode name
Patronname	Contains the patron name

Dormitory table

Field name	Description
Dormcode	Contains the Dormcode name
Dormname	Contains the domitory code
Patroncode	Contains the domitory patron code

Game table

Field name	Description
Gamecode	contains the game code
Gamename	contains the name of the game

(iii) Create the relationships between the tables. (3 marks)

(b) (i) Create a form for each table that would be used for data entry. (2 marks)

(ii) Enter the following data into their respective tables:(9 marks)

Student table

Stud No	Stud name	Gamecode	Dormcode
Koo1	Ann	Gmoo4	D003
Koo2	Chris	Gmoo3	D001
Koo3	Jared	Gmoo1	D002
Koo4	Julian	Gmoo4	D003
Koo5	Marion	Gmoo1	D003
Koo6	Janet	Gmoo2	D003
Koo7	Tom	Gmoo2	D002
Koo8	Jerry	Gmoo3	D002

Patron table

Patroncode	patronname
Poo1	Maurice
Poo2	Edward
Poo3	Jane

Dormitory table

Dormcode	Dormname	Patroname
D00l	Red	P001
D002	Blue	P002
D003	Orange	P003

Games table

Gamecode	Gamename
Gmoo1	Basketball
Gmoo2	Volleyball
Gmoo3	Table Tenis
Gmoo4	Netball

(i) StudNo, Studentname and Gamename for all students who reside in the Orange dormitory or play Basketball. Save the query as orangeq. (5 marks)

(ii) StudNo, studentname, gamename for the students whose studentname start with letter “J”. Save the query as Jquery. (3 marks)

(d) (i) Create a tabular report showing the StudNo, Studentname, Dormname, Patronname, Gamename and grouped by Gamename. Save the report as reportgame. (8 marks)

(ii) Format the report created in (i) as follows:

I Replace the report title with the text “players for each game” (1 mark)

II Enter your name and index as a report footer. III Bold the dormitory names in the report. (e) Print out each of the following:

(i) Student, Patron, Game and Dormitory tables

(ii) Jquery and orangeq

(iii) reportgame

2 (a) (i) Open a word processing program and key in the following text as it appears. Save the documents as socialnetwork. (11 marks)

SOCIAL NETWORKING

Social networking platforms are used by organisation to improve communication and productivity by disseminating information among different groups of employees in a more efficient manner.

The advantages and disadvantages of social media are as follows.

Advantages

• Facilities open communication.

• Allows employees to discuss ideas.

• Provides an opportunity to widen business contracts.

• Targets a wide audience.

• Improves business reputation and client base.

• Expands market research.

Disadvantages

Susceptible to fraud
Potentially results to hate speech
Destructs normal business operationsEmployers do have the right to ban computer activity that is not work related, this approach may not yield optimal results.If employees are to be allowed access to social networking platforms then a comprehensive and well defined policy should be established to prevent abuses.
(ii) Format the document as follows:

I Title: Font size l8pts, font colour red, font type Tahoma. (3 marks)

II Apply double line spacing for the text under the sub title “Advantages”. (2 marks)

III Apply a 4 lined drop cap on the first letter of first paragraph. (3 marks)

IV Apply a two-columns format with a line between for the text with the two subtitles such that “Advantages” are to the left column and “Disadvantages” are in the right column. (4 marks)

V Apply bold, italic and underline to subtitles “Advantages” and “Disadvantages”.

(iii) Apply the following format to the document: (3 marks)

I Insert a water mark with the text “social media” on the document of a font size of 20 and running diagonally from left to right. (4 marks)

II Insert page numbers at the bottom centre of every page. (2 marks)

III Insert the text “social networks” as a header aligned to the right. Apply italics to the header. (3 marks)

(b) The following is a letter from a Principal of Malimali school to other Principals inviting them for a seminar at the country education offices.

(i) Open a new document and create the following as it appears. Save the document as Malimali (2½ marks)

The Principal

>

Dear Sir

RE: SEMINAR MEETING

You are invited to attend the Principal’s seminar which is scheduled to be at the county education office on the 2^nd of June 2015.

You are booked to be in <> We are looking forward to a successful event.

Yours Faithfully Lilango Jotema

Malimali School Principal

(ii) Use a mail merge feature to generate customised mails for the addresses shown in the following table. Save the mail merged document as Aletters. (9½ marks)

School Room

Ginga School Room 6

Lubi School Room 8

Trans School Room 10

(c) Print out each of the following:(i) socialnetwork

(ii) Malimali

(iii) Aletters (3 marks)

Questions and Answers

2018 Computer Studies – Paper1

1 (a)(i) Creating the database file @ 1 ½

(ii) Creating of tables (at least 3) @1 ½

Student table

✔ 4 Fields each @ ½ =2

Patron table

✔ 2 Fields each @ ½ =1

Dormitory table

✔ 3 Fields each @ ½ =1½

Games table

✔ 2 Fields each @ ½ =1

(iii) Relationship at least 3 each @ 1 =

(b) (i) 4 forms for each table each @½ =2 = 2

(ii) Entering data into the tables

Student table

✔ 8 records each @ ½ =4

Patron table

✔ 3 records each @ ½ = 1½

Dormitory table

✔ 3 records each @½ = 1½

Games table

✔ 4 records each @ ½ =2

(c) (i) Creating the orangeq query
Invoking the use of query@ 1
selecting the fields @ 1
Criteria applied to the fields @ 2✔ Saving the query @ 1(ii) Creating the j query query
Invoking the use of query@ 1
Criteria (letter j) @✔ 1 Saving the query @ 1(d) (i) Creating the report
Using the report feature @ 1
selecting the report fields @ 1
selecting the 4 fields each @ 1=4
Grouping @ 1
Saving the query @ 1(ii) I. Replacing the report title @l✔ H. Entering name and index as report footer
✔Name and index @ l

✔Position the items in the footer @ 1

HI. Bolding the text

✔Selecting the text @ 1

✔ applying bold format @l

(e) Printing

(i) 4 Tables each @ 1

(ii) 2 queris each @ 1 =2

(iii) The report @ 1

2 (a) (i) Typing the story
Title @½
Centering the title @½
First paragraph @ 2
Paragraph under advantages @ 2
Paragraph under disadvantages @ 2
Last paragraph @ 2
Bullets used in the advantages @ ½
Bullets used in the disadvantages @ ‘½
Saving @ 1(ii) I Formatting the title,p>
Font size 18 @l
Font colored @l
Font typemahoma @lH Double underline
Selection of text under advantages @l
Applying double space @lIH Drop cap
Selection the first letter @l
Using drop cap feature @l
Dropping through 4 lines @ 1IV Two columns
Selection of text @l
Using the column feature @l
Applying a line between the columns @ 1
Advantages to the left @ /z 4
Formats applied on subtitles
Bold@1
Italics @l
Underline @ 1(iii) I Water marks
Using the watermark feature @ 1
Typing the text social media in the watermark field @l
Font size=20 @l
Direction (Diagonal left to right) @lH Page numbering
Using page numbering feature @½
Inserting page numbers @ 1
Centering the pages horizontally @/ 2III Header
Using the header field @ /
Typing the text in the header field @ 1
Alignment at the right @½
Applying italics @ 1(b)(i) Main document
Typing text @l
Applying formats ½
Saving the document @ 1(ii) Main document
Creation of datasource @3
Saving the datasource @l
Using the mail merge feature @½
Inserting the 2 fields at each @l =2
Generating the merged document 2
Saving the merged document @ 1kcse exam 2020
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School	Room
Ginga School	Room 6
Lubi School	Room 8
Trans School	Room 10

KCPE and KCSE Past Papers KCSE past papers Teacher's Resources

KCSE Past Papers 2018 Computer Studies Paper 1 (451/1)

Apr 22, 2020 mwalimu bewere 0 Comment

KCSE Past Papers 2019 Computer Studies Paper 1

Kenya Certiﬁcate of Secondary Education

2018 Computer Studies – Paper1

1. State two reasons for the increased use of laptop computers in government offices. (2 marks)

2. Computer network technicians prefer to use command-line based operating system when configuring networks. State three reasons for the preference. (3 marks)

3. State three measures that should be put in place in a computer laboratory to safeguard users’ health. (3 marks)

4. State three ways in which barcode readers may be used in schools.(3 marks)

5. State three advantage of flat panel monitors over cathode ray tube monitors as used in computers. (3 marks)

6. State three possible reasons for the extinction of daisy wheel printers in the market. (3 marks)

7. State three ways in which an operating system secures a computer system. (3 mark)

8. A law firm prefers to use hard copy output over soft copy output when handling documents for legal matters. State two reasons for this preference. (2 marks)

9. State the function of each of the following features in a word processor application: (a) Thesaurus;(1 marks)

(b) Comments.(1 marks)

10. With the aid of an example, explain the term multi-level list as used in word processing. (3 marks)

11. Distinguish between real-time operating system and distributed operating system. (3 marks)

12. Explain the function of protect sheet feature in a spreadsheet program. (2 marks)

13. State four computer-based careers introduced as a result of computerised data processing method at the airport. (2 marks)

14. In a spreadsheet, the formula =If(A1>10, A1*77, A1*50) is entered in a cell. Interpret the results. (3 marks)

15. State a stage in systems development life cycle where each of the following activities are carried out:

(a) identifying the technologies that may be used in a proposed system; (1 mark)

(b) identifying shortcomings of a system; (1 mark)

. SECTION B (60 marks)

Answer question 16 and any other three questions from this section in the spaces provided.

16. (a) With the aid of a flow chart, describe a loop control structure as used in programming.(4 marks)

(b) Study the following pseudocode and answer the questions that follow.

1. Start

2. Get value l and value2

3. If value I > value2 Then

4. Maximum = valuel

5. Else If value l < value2 Then

6. Maximum = value2

8. Else Go to 9

9. Display Maximum

10. Stop

(i) State the purpose of the pseudocode.(1 mark)

(ii) Draw a flowchart equivalent to the pseudocode. (6 marks)

17. (a) (i) Explain the term search engine as used in the Internet.(2 marks)

(ii) Peter intends to download a movie from the Internet.

State the three factors that may determine the total time taken to complete the download. (3 marks)

(b) Wakulima online is an organisation that runs a web based system for assisting farmers to obtain market for their farm produce.

State four technological reasons that may cause a farmer not to access the organisation’s system. (4 marks)

(c) Explain a situation when each of the following Desktop Publishing program features may be used when creating a publication:

(i) cropping;(2 marks)

(ii) transparency.(2 marks)

(d) List two areas where infrared waves are used in data communication.(2 marks)

18. (a) State four activities of the planning stage of systems development. (4 marks)

(b) Explain a circumstance when each of the following feasibility studies are carried out during systems development:

(i) Technical;(2 marks)

(ii) Economic;(2 marks)

(iii) Schedule.(2 marks)

Table 1

Dept Code	Dept Name
001	Computer
002	Aviation
003	Engineering

Table 2

Dept ID	Students Registration No.	Students Name
002	st1	Alex Toro
003	st2	Naomi Komi
002	st3	Peter Kengo

(i) Identify the appropriate primary key for each table. (1 mark)

(iii) Explain two benefits of enforcing referential integrity in the database. (4 marks)

19. (a) Describe each of the following validation checks as used in data processing:

(i) Preserve check;(2 marks)

(ii) Data type check;(2 marks)

(iii) Check digit.(2 marks)

(b) Write each of the following abbreviations in full:

(i) BCD;(1 marks)

(ii) EBCD;(1 marks)

(iii) ASCII.(1 mark)

l29₁₀ 128₁₀

20. (a) The figure shows a network design. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

(i) Explain the function of each of the following in the network. I Router;

II Firewall;(2 marks)

III File server.(2 marks)

(ii) State two categories of software that must be installed in a computer so that users can use it to access the internet. (2 marks)

(b) State four ways in which computers may be used to manage data in a research environment.(4 marks)

(c) Some computer companies have opted to use the Internet to provide shared processing resources and online application services to users.

State three advantages that this approach will have on their customers. (3 marks)

Questions and Answers

2018 Computer Studies – Paper1

1. Reasons for the preference for laptops.

They are small and fit in a small storage space.
They are light weight hence can be carried to areas where their services are required.
The monitor, system unit, keyboard units are attached together hence making its use to be convenient.
Rechargeable / backup battery. Any 2 x 12. Reasons for the use of command — line interface OS
They do not take up a lot of memory hence boot faster than the GUI OS.
They have direct access or most hardware devices.
They are cheaper to acquire as some can be downloaded free of charge. They can run on lower —bit hardware systems such as 32-bit computers. Any 3 x 13. Measures to be put in place in the laboratory to safeguard user health.
All power cables must be insulated and hidden from users.
The furniture used must be of standard computer furniture.
The room should be lit with adequate lighting.
The room must be ventilated.
Computer monitor should be fitted with antiglare to filter excess light rays emanating from the monitor.
Avoid slippery floors/cemented floors.
Controlling dust.4. Ways in which barcode readers can be used in a school.
To take inventory of items in the school.
To keep track of employee login log out.
Used to transact business in the library.
Used to keep track of movement of goods.5. Advantages of flat panel monitors.
They are compact and light weight;
They consume less power;
They do not suffer from geometrical distortions;
They do not cause eye fatigue.
They support many advanced technologies;
They can be made in almost any size and shape; They support higher resolution.
Low heat radiation.6. Reasons why daisy wheel printer are in extinct.
They supported one font size and font face;
They were monochrome printers;
They produced noise while printing;
They were very slow;
Did not print graphics.
Had poor print quality.7. Ways in which an OS secures computer system:
Access controls: Authentication of users in order to access files;
Performing regular patches of updates;
Creating secure accounts with required privileges;
Scrutinizing all incoming and outgoing packets of data through a firewall;
Encryption of data, during the transmission stage; Password / biometric analysis;
Log files to detect any breach. Any 3 x 18. Advantages of hardcopy output.
– They are acceptable as exhibit in cases of litigation.
Can be used without a computer.
They are difficult to change without leaving any trace.
They can be used without power.
They can be used without the experience of computer usage. Any 2 x 19. (i) Thesaurus:
It is a feature in a word processor that suggest words with similar or opposite meaning to the selected word @l.

(ii) Comments:

It is a feature in WP that allows a user to attach a remark about the selection @l.

10. Multilevel list:

It is a format style that shows the listed items of different levels rather than one at one level.

Each level has different indentation and numbering style @2.

Example (Accept any)

1. Chapter One

Introduction

Definition of terms @l.

11. Distinction between real-time and distributed OS.
Real-time OS reads information from input devices and must respond within a short duration of time to ensure correct performance.
Distributed OS distributes computation among several physical processors which do not share memory or clock.12. Function of protect sheet:
It is a feature used to prevent unwanted changes to be made on the data contained in a sheet by limit the ability to make changes.13. Computer based careers created by introducing computerized data processing.
System analysts Hardware technicians
Data entry clerks
Programmers Networks techniciansDatabase administrators
Web designers
Network administrator14. = If (A1 > 10, Al * 77, Al * 50)
Compares the value in cell Al If it is greater than 10, if comparison is True, the results of operations Al * 77 is displayed, if it is False the results of the operations Al * 50 is displayed.

15. (a) Identifying technologies that could be used in the system.

— System ana1ysis/ information gathering/problem recognition (@ 1)

(b) Identifying the shortcoming of the old system

— Problem definition

(@ 1)

(c) Prepares the software migration plan

— Implementation stage (@ 1) 3

Section B (60 Marks) Marking Scheme

16. (a) Looping is the control structure that allows a block of code/statements to be repeated until a certain condition is fulfilled. @ 2 marks

Accept any type of looping control structure

(c) Distinction between a source program and compiler
Source program is the original computer based instructions written by a programmer in a programming language whileA compiler is a program that processes statements/instructions and translates them into machine language.
17. (a) (i) Search-engine

It is a web-based application used to locate for an item or information from world wide web.

(ii) Factors that affects duration of download
The size of the video
The band width of the media used
Availability of network
Other activities that may be running in the computer.
Other restrictions enforced in the computer
The restrictions by the ISP
Speed of computer (Any 3 @ l)(b) Causes of Wakulima system’s failure
Lack of power supply to the system servers.
Network infrastructure breakdown/poor network coverage/lack of connection.
Program failure in the system/malware (virus).
Hardware failure in the system.
Human action which could be accidental or intentional.
Lack of access rights.
System overload (Any 4 @ 1 mark)(c) (i) Cropping
Used when handling a graphic and there is a need to remove some of the portions in the graphic.

(ii) Transparency

Used when there is a need to make the background of a graphic to be visible.

(d) Areas where infra-red radio waves are used.
TV remote control communication; DVD remote control communication
Communication between peripheral devices and the computer
Data link over short distance using mobile phones Radio remote control
Remote locking / opening doors/devices18. (a) Activities at the planning stages
Identify opportunity for the new project.
Analyse feasibility to establish the viability of the project.
Develop a work plan.
Identify appropriate staff to work in the project.
Control and direct the project.(b) (i) Technical Feasibility
Meant to determine whether the proposed solution is technically practical/establish whether the technology is available /expertise is available. (@ 2)

(ii) Economic Feasibility

Meant to establish whether the proposed system will be cost effective. (@ 2)

(iii) Schedule Feasibility

Meant to establish whether the system can be implemented within an acceptable time kame. (@ 2)

(c) (i) Primary keys in the table Table 1 : Dept code @

Table 2 : Student’s Registration No. @

(ii) Benefits of referential integrity in the table
No record can be added to the table 2 if its corresponding record in Table 1 does not exist.
No record in Table 1 can be deleted without first deleting associated records in Table 2.
Reduces data redundancies.
Prevent deletion of related tables. (Any 2 x 2)19. (a) (i) Preserve check
It is a measure placed used to ensure that data item is in its original status. (@ 2 marks)

(ii) Data type check

It is a measure that ensures that correct data type is entered for each field. (@ 2 marks)

(iii) Check digit

This is a number calculated by the computer to make sure that the other numbers in a sequence have been entered properly. (@ 2 marks)

(b) (i) BCD

Binary Coded Decimal

(o i)

(ii) EBCDIC

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.

(iii) ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

20. (a) (i) I. Router It is the device meant to forward data packets between computer network in the school and the internet. (@ 2 marks)

H. Firewall

It is a device that prevents unauthorized access to or from a private network (school’s LAN) (@ 2 marks)

III. File server

It is a computer attached to a network whose purpose is to provide location for shared disk access (shared storage of computer files). (@ 2 marks)

(ii) Software to be installed in a computer
Network operating system
Browser/Mozi11a,firefox Necessary system drivers to supports installed hardware
Protocols(SMTP,HTTP) (Any 2 @ 1 mark)(b) Use of computers in research for data management
Used for data manipulation;
Computers aid in data capturing;
Computers can be used to store researched and analysed data;
Information in computers can be a secondary source of data;
Computers can be used to generate reports;
Computers can be used to communicate researched work. (Any 4 x 1)(c) Advantages of online application services and shared processing resources.
Users will not be required to have powerful processing devices;
Users can access the services from anywhere in the world;
Users can access services at any time (24/7);
Users can offload their data to the cloud infrastructure;
Users can collaborate with remote users to process the data;
The approach will cut out high cost of hardware;
Sharing of resources;
Faster access to service;
Cost effective;
Orders are made without going to the shop. (Any 3 x 1)